Question 1

Tatiana Tarasoff was killed by Prosenjit Poddar, a graduate student at The University of California.Tatiana's parents sued; the case was heard by the Supreme Court of California.The Tarasoff case is important because

Accepted Answer

A)  it gave a legal definition of "dangerousness."
B)  it clarified the tax-exempt status of racially segregated colleges.
C)  it concluded that psychologists could assist in jury selection if they provided their questionnaire responses to the other side.
D)  it specified that psychotherapists have a duty to use reasonable care to protect identifiable, potential victims from clients in psychotherapy who threaten violence.

Question 2

What percentage of defendants plea bargain?

Accepted Answer

A)  10-25%
B)  35-50%
C)  60-75%
D)  90-95%

Question 3

Which of the following is a basic characteristic of the crime control model of the criminal justice system?

Accepted Answer

A)  The system should present obstacles to the conviction of defendants.
B)  The suspect is assumed to be innocent.
C)  Emphasis in the courts should be on the detection and prosecution of criminals.
D)  Greater control needs to be exerted over the police in their investigation of suspects.

Question 4

The United States has 5% of the world's population and ________ of its prisoners.

Accepted Answer

A)  2%
B)  5%
C)  10%
D)  25%

Question 5

Determinate sentencing reflects which resolution of a choice presented in Chapter 1?

Accepted Answer

A)  equality, rather than discretion
B)  discretion, rather than equality
C)  common good, rather than individual rights
D)  individual rights, rather than common good

Question 6

Amicus curiae means

Accepted Answer

A)  let the decision stand.
B)  the sentence should be equivalent to the crime.
C)  friend of the court.
D)  the rights of defendants.

Question 7

According to a 2011 Gallup poll, ___________ of Americans favor same-sex marriage.

Accepted Answer

A)  83%
B)  53%
C)  17%
D)  25%

Question 8

Laws regulating the areas in which people may smoke cigarettes illustrate the conflict between individual rights and public safety.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The purpose of laws is to

Accepted Answer

A)  ensure public safety.
B)  deter vigilantes.
C)  serve as a mechanism for conflict resolution.
D)  all of the above

Question 10

Most forensic psychologists are trained as

Accepted Answer

A)  social psychologists
B)  clinical psychologists
C)  experimental psychologists
D)  lawyers

Question 11

If a researcher is studying the role that social class plays in criminal behavior in a particular society, that researcher is most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  a psychologist.
B)  a sociologist.
C)  an anthropologist.
D)  a philosopher.

Question 12

A psychologist is asked to determine if Project New Chance, a program to help welfare recipients obtain and keep employment, has achieved its goals.How would we best label this psychologist's role?

Accepted Answer

A)  basic scientist
B)  pure scientist
C)  policy evaluator
D)  advocate

Question 13

Troy Davis was granted clemency.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The tendency of different judges to administer a variety of penalties for the same crime is referred to as ________; to counteract this, many states have implemented ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  biased sentencing; certain sentencing
B)  inequality in sentencing; mandatory sentencing
C)  sentencing disparity; determinate sentencing
D)  discretionary sentencing; strict sentencing

Question 15

The principle of equality is often at odds with the value of ______________ when it comes to implementing laws and punishing offenders.

Accepted Answer

A)  proportionality
B)  discretion
C)  leniency
D)  none of the above

Question 16

One might argue that the stop and frisk procedures used in New York City violate the principle of equality and rely on profiling, as 52% of stops between 2004 and 2009 were of __________________ and 30% were of __________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  African Americans; Caucasians.
B)  Hispanics; Caucasians.
C)  African Americans; Caucasians
D)  African Americans; Hispanics

Question 17

Which amendment to the U.S.Constitution safeguards us against self-incrimination?

Accepted Answer

A)  1st
B)  4th
C)  5th
D)  6th

Question 18

Psychology assumes individual characteristics affect how the legal system operates and the legal system affects individual characteristics and behavior.Characteristics may include:

Accepted Answer

A)  individual abilities
B)  personal values
C)  professional experiences
D)  all of the above

Question 19

What is a possible benefit of plea bargaining?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced trial costs and expenses
B)  increased efficiency in the criminal justice system
C)  reduced sentences and sanctions for defendants
D)  all of the above

Question 20

Determinate sentencing accomplishes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  equality
B)  discretion
C)  individual rights
D)  sentencing disparity

Exam 1: Psychology and the Law: Choices and Roles

The United States has 5% of the world's population and ________ of its prisoners.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a researcher is studying the role that social class plays in criminal behavior in a particular society, that researcher is most likely

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One might argue that the stop and frisk procedures used in New York City violate the principle of equality and rely on profiling, as 52% of stops between 2004 and 2009 were of __________________ and 30% were of __________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which amendment to the U.S.Constitution safeguards us against self-incrimination?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a basic characteristic of the crime control model of the criminal justice system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tatiana Tarasoff was killed by Prosenjit Poddar, a graduate student at The University of California.Tatiana's parents sued; the case was heard by the Supreme Court of California.The Tarasoff case is important because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What percentage of defendants plea bargain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most forensic psychologists are trained as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Amicus curiae means

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Determinate sentencing accomplishes which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Troy Davis was granted clemency.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A psychologist is asked to determine if Project New Chance, a program to help welfare recipients obtain and keep employment, has achieved its goals.How would we best label this psychologist's role?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Laws regulating the areas in which people may smoke cigarettes illustrate the conflict between individual rights and public safety.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Determinate sentencing reflects which resolution of a choice presented in Chapter 1?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The purpose of laws is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency of different judges to administer a variety of penalties for the same crime is referred to as ________; to counteract this, many states have implemented ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to a 2011 Gallup poll, ___________ of Americans favor same-sex marriage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The principle of equality is often at odds with the value of ______________ when it comes to implementing laws and punishing offenders.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a possible benefit of plea bargaining?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychology assumes individual characteristics affect how the legal system operates and the legal system affects individual characteristics and behavior.Characteristics may include:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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One might argue that the stop and frisk procedures used in New York City violate the principle of equality and rely on profiling, as 52% of stops between 2004 and 2009 were of and 30% were of .

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The tendency of different judges to administer a variety of penalties for the same crime is referred to as ; to counteract this, many states have implemented .

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