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Exam 32: An Introduction to Animal Diversity

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Question 1

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Which of the following characteristics is common to all known animals?

A) Animals are unicellular.
B) Animals are multicellular.
C) Animals are autotrophic.
D) Animals have cell walls.

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Question 2

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Which of the following characteristics is unique to animals?

A) the structural carbohydrate, chitin
B) nervous system signal conduction
C) heterotrophy
D) flagellated gametes

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Question 3

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Which of the following statements is correct regarding animal body plans?

Which of the following factors most likely contributed to the extinction of many Ediacaran life forms?

In the earthworm body plan, the digestive system can be described as a "tube-within-a-tube." Where would you expect to find most of the tissues that developed from endoderm?

While observing seawater through a microscope, you spot the embryo of an unknown animal. Which of the following criteria could you use to determine whether the organism exhibits protostome or deuterostome development?

Sponges and ctenophores have both been proposed as basal metazoans. Which of the following types of data support the idea that sponges are the basal group?

Which of the following was probably an important factor in bringing about the Cambrian explosion?

Suppose a researcher for a pest-control company developed a chemical that inhibited the development of an embryonic mosquito's endodermal cells. Which of the following best explains the effectiveness of the pesticide?

In individual insects of some species, whole chromosomes that carry larval genes are eliminated from the genomes of somatic cells at the time of metamorphosis. As a result of the chromosome loss, which of the following consequences is most likely?

Which of the following organisms is most likely classified as something other than an animal?

Which of the following is a feature of the digestive tube in most animal phyla?

You find a new species of worm and want to classify it. Which of the following lines of evidence would allow you to classify the worm as a nematode and not an annelid?

Which of the following statements regarding the diversification of animals is supported by the current available evidence?

Use the table to answer the following question. A researcher is studying animals on a previously undiscovered island, home to many unfamiliar organisms, and decides to survey them using the research equipment at hand. The researcher observes them in detail, and makes the notations shown in the table. Which of the organisms listed is most likely to contain genes encoding enzymes that can fix carbon from CO₂?

Body symmetry in animals affects swimming in which of the following ways?

Which of the following environmental changes is thought to have contributed to the Cambrian explosion?

Use the figure to answer the question. Which of the following statements is consistent with the phylogeny in the figure?

Which tissue type or organ is correctly matched with its germ layer tissue?

Use the information to answer the question. One small animal phylum (Placozoa) contains only two species, Trichoplax adhaerens (T. adhaerens) and T. reptans. There are four types of cells, none of which are nerve or muscle cells, and none of which have cell walls. T. adhaerens sperm cells have never been observed. Embryos up to, but not past, the 64-cell (blastula) stage have been observed. On the basis of information in the paragraph, which of these should be able to be observed in T. adhaerens?