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is compensation for an injury to society, such as cleaning streets.

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Pretrial diversion typically targets petty __________ offenders.

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Define and explain intermediate sanctions, its main uses, advantages, and criticisms.

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Intermediate sanctions are a type of pun...

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According to recent criminological studies, prison has been quite successful at changing people for the better.

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The new correctional professional is less accountable for decision making.

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Which of the following is NOT one of the three major shifts in the working environment of the new correctional professional?


A) The relationship between the professional and the client has become more similar to a doctor-patient relationship.
B) Nongovernment organizations have emerged to administer community corrections programs.
C) An increased emphasis on accountability has reduced individual discretion.
D) The relationship between the professional and the client has become less important than the principles of criminal justice that underlie that relationship.

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The boot camp is an example of a(n) _______.


A) intermediate sanction
B) community sanction
C) community service
D) rehabilitation service

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The money Katie is ordered to pay is known as a ________.


A) restitution
B) debt
C) fine
D) fee

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Under home confinement, offenders can carry out their sentence of incarceration only in their homes; no variations are possible.

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__________ occurs when the government seizes property derived from or used in criminal activity and can take both civil and criminal forms.

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What type of agencies contract with probation and parole agencies to provide services to clients in the community?


A) nonprofit
B) hospitals
C) banks
D) television

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One common problem with intermediate sanctions programs is that many in the field believe these programs lead to increasing the number of offenders who are unnecessarily controlled by the government.

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Which of the following is NOT one of the probation-based enforcement centers?


A) probation centers
B) fine centers
C) restitution centers
D) day reporting centers

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The medical model of probation was popular in which of the following time periods?


A) the 1920s through 1930s
B) the 1980s through 1990s
C) the 1940s through 1960s
D) the 1970s through 1980s

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Which U.S. state passed the nation's first Comprehensive Community Corrections Act in 1973?


A) New York
B) Pennsylvania
C) Minnesota
D) Massachusetts

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Identify the three major trends or shifts in the working environment of corrections. Discuss the evolution of the role of the correctional professional focusing on these trends or shifts. What is the significance of these shifts?

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The three major trends or shifts in the ...

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It is estimated that one out of every four probationers in the United States today has committed a __________ crime resulting in his or her current probation.


A) drug
B) violent
C) misdemeanor
D) hate

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Intermediate sanctions have two general goals, first, to provide more effective alternatives to probation and, second, to serve as a_______.


A) tougher way of handling offenders
B) deterrent for future criminal behavior
C) way to eliminate biases in the system
D) less costly alternative to prison

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According to your authors, proponents of boot camps argue that young offenders get involved in crime because they lack _________________.


A) education
B) job skills
C) good parents
D) self-respect

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Nate was placed on what type of supervision?


A) probation
B) parole
C) unsupervised
D) not ordered to any form of supervision

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