Question 1

Although most psychoactive substances interact with specific substances in brain cells, the effects of ___________ are much more complex because several different neurotransmitter systems are affected.

Accepted Answer

A)  opiates
B)  tranquillisers
C)  alcohol
D)  marijuana

Question 2

According to Jellinek's model (no longer considered accurate but still of scientific interest) , an individual with alcoholism progresses through four stages.Which of the following INCORRECTLY describes the characteristic behaviours associated with each of Jellinek's stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  prealcoholic stage - hangovers, DUI (driving under the influence)  charges, blackouts
B)  prodromal stage - drinking heavily but few outward signs of problems
C)  chronic stage - primary daily activities involve drinking and getting drunk
D)  crucial stage - loss of control with occasional binges

Question 3

The drugs that directly stimulate the anterior reward system or 'pleasure pathway' in the brain include

Accepted Answer

A)  amphetamines and cocaine.
B)  the opiates.
C)  all of these
D)  none of these

Question 4

Recreational use of which drug rose sharply in the late 1980s?

Accepted Answer

A)  opioids
B)  hallucinogens
C)  ecstasy
D)  methcathinone

Question 5

Which of the following hallucinogenic substances is processed synthetically?

Accepted Answer

A)  cannabis
B)  LSD
C)  psilocybin
D)  mescaline

Question 6

In some individuals, chronic alcohol use causes physical damage to the body.Whether this occurs depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  blood alcohol levels during drinking periods.
B)  type of alcohol consumed (e.g.beer, wine, spirits) .
C)  genetic vulnerability.
D)  the frequency of alcohol use.

Question 7

Which of the following is an accurate statement about amphetamines and/or amphetamine-use disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amphetamines cause a period of depression and fatigue (called 'crashing') , which is followed by feelings of elation and euphoria.
B)  Amphetamines cause an increase in appetite and a decrease in fatigue.
C)  Amphetamines decrease the availability of dopamine and noradrenaline in the nervous system.
D)  Amphetamine overdose can cause hallucinations, panic, agitation, and paranoid delusions.

Question 8

In terms of substance­related disorders, the word 'addiction' is most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  substance use.
B)  intoxication.
C)  drug dependence.
D)  polysubstance abuse.

Question 9

Azania has been a heavy drinker for years.Her behaviour reflects confusion, loss of muscle co-ordination and unintelligible speech.Such behaviour is probably the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  dementia.
B)  substance-abuse psychotic disorder.
C)  foetal alcohol syndrome.
D)  Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

Question 10

Data from the World Health Organization Global Alcohol Database (GAD)  found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  about 75% of Africans had gone on a binge of heavy drinking once in the preceding two weeks.
B)  alcohol consumption in sub-Saharan Africa was 7.4L, slightly above the global level of 6.2L.
C)  alcohol consumption is decreasing across sub-Sahara Africa.
D)  More women are consuming alcohol.

Question 11

Discuss current research on the genetic/biological, cognitive, social and cultural factors related to alcoholism.Which factors appear most strongly related to the development and progression of the disorder?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is thought to have an anxiolytic...

Question 12

In a laboratory research study involving 'drug addiction' in animals, it was demonstrated that the positive reinforcing effect of drugs was

Accepted Answer

A)  biological only.
B)  tied to social and cultural influences.
C)  free from social and cultural influences.
D)  biological, social and cultural.

Question 13

Of the following types of drug prevention strategies, which one has the potential for the most successful outcome (according to the information in your textbook) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Education-based programmes (e.g.DAR
E)  
B)  Skills training programmes, such as 'Ke moja, I'm fine without drugs'.to resist social, media and peer pressure to use drugs
C)  Relapse prevention programmes focusing on the learnt aspects of dependence, i.e.the failure of cognitive and behavioural coping skills
D)  Cultural attitude change (e.g., widespread enactment of no-smoking legislation)

Question 14

The community reinforcement approach, a new type of programme that has been started to address the problem of substance abuse, includes all of the following components EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  a non-substance-abusing relative participates with the alcoholic in relationship-improvement sessions.
B)  encouraging the substance abuser to accept that his or her friends may continue to be users but associating with them is still OK.
C)  assistance with employment, education, finances or other social service areas is provided to help reduce stress.
D)  suggesting options for new recreational activities to replace previous drug-related activities.

Question 15

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the opponent-process explanation of drug addiction?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in positive feelings will be followed by an increase in negative feelings.
B)  An increase in negative feelings will be followed by an increase in positive feelings.
C)  both of these
D)  neither of these

Question 16

Research on changes in Korean alcohol-use patterns suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural norms can override biological factors that inhibit alcohol use.
B)  cultural norms cannot override biological factors that inhibit alcohol use.
C)  personality factors contribute to substance use.
D)  all of these

Question 17

Which of the following is an accurate statement about alcohol use?

Accepted Answer

A)  Education is negatively correlated with recent alcohol use.
B)  Eastern and southern Africa regions have the highest consumption of alcohol per drinker in the world.
C)  Female students were more likely than male students to report several episodes of binge drinking in a two-week period.
D)  Alcohol use in the elderly population is typically high.

Question 18

Health-wise,cannabis

Accepted Answer

A)  wards off nausea.
B)  eases pain associated with multiple sclerosis.
C)  contains as many carcinogens as tobacco smoke.
D)  all of these

Question 19

Until 1903, Coca-Cola™ contained which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  cocaine
B)  heroin
C)  caffeine
D)  chocolate

Question 20

Which of the following does NOT describe the specific effect of alcohol on a particular neurotransmitter system?

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin - alcohol cravings
B)  glutamate - alcoholic blackouts
C)  dopamine - slurred speech
D)  GABA - anti-anxiety effect

Exam 11: Substance-Related, Addictive and Impulse-Control Disorders

Which of the following does NOT describe the specific effect of alcohol on a particular neurotransmitter system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Until 1903, Coca-Cola™ contained which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following hallucinogenic substances is processed synthetically?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The community reinforcement approach, a new type of programme that has been started to address the problem of substance abuse, includes all of the following components EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on changes in Korean alcohol-use patterns suggests that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Data from the World Health Organization Global Alcohol Database (GAD) found that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss current research on the genetic/biological, cognitive, social and cultural factors related to alcoholism.Which factors appear most strongly related to the development and progression of the disorder?

Correct AnswerverifiedAlcohol is thought to have an anxiolytic...View AnswerShow Answer

Azania has been a heavy drinker for years.Her behaviour reflects confusion, loss of muscle co-ordination and unintelligible speech.Such behaviour is probably the result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In terms of substance­related disorders, the word 'addiction' is most closely associated with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Jellinek's model (no longer considered accurate but still of scientific interest) , an individual with alcoholism progresses through four stages.Which of the following INCORRECTLY describes the characteristic behaviours associated with each of Jellinek's stages?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Recreational use of which drug rose sharply in the late 1980s?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The drugs that directly stimulate the anterior reward system or 'pleasure pathway' in the brain include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the opponent-process explanation of drug addiction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In some individuals, chronic alcohol use causes physical damage to the body.Whether this occurs depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an accurate statement about alcohol use?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the following types of drug prevention strategies, which one has the potential for the most successful outcome (according to the information in your textbook) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Health-wise,cannabis

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a laboratory research study involving 'drug addiction' in animals, it was demonstrated that the positive reinforcing effect of drugs was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an accurate statement about amphetamines and/or amphetamine-use disorders?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although most psychoactive substances interact with specific substances in brain cells, the effects of ___________ are much more complex because several different neurotransmitter systems are affected.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Alcohol is thought to have an anxiolytic...
View Answer

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In terms of substancerelated disorders, the word 'addiction' is most closely associated with

Correct Answer
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