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To answer the question, What causes emotion?, Buck provides a two-systems view. Identify these two systems and briefly explain how these two systems cause emotion.

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The two systems that Buck identifies as ...

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According to Buck's proposition that emotions are the readout of motivational states, motives energize and direct behavior, while emotions:


A) also energize and direct behavior, but in a much more potent fashion than do motives.
B) channel undirected behavior into goal-directed behavior.
C) facilitate or inhibit that behavior.
D) all of the above

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From a biological point of view, about how many different emotions are there? State a number, and explain/justify why you picked that specific number.

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From a biological point of view, there are believed to be six primary emotions: happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust. These emotions are thought to be universal across all cultures and are believed to have evolved as adaptive responses to different situations. The number six is chosen based on the work of psychologist Paul Ekman, who conducted extensive research on facial expressions and emotions across different cultures. He identified these six primary emotions as being universally recognized and expressed through distinct facial expressions. Additionally, these emotions are thought to have distinct physiological and neurological responses in the body, further supporting the idea that they are biologically rooted. While there may be variations and nuances within these primary emotions, such as different degrees of happiness or varying triggers for fear, the core emotional experiences are believed to be limited to these six categories from a biological perspective.

What is an emotion family? Why is the "emotion family" concept important in the effort to answer the question, "How many emotions are there?"

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An emotion family refers to a group of r...

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Which of the following statements is the most accurate?


A) Contemporary emotion research largely discounts the biological and cognitive approaches and instead focuses on a social-cultural approach.
B) The biological approach provides a better, more accurate, perspective on understanding emotion than does the cognitive approach.
C) The cognitive approach provides a better, more accurate, perspective on understanding emotion than does the biological approach.
D) Together, the cognitive and biological approaches provide a comprehensive picture of the emotion process.

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D

According to a cognitive view of emotion, about how many different emotions are there?


A) two-love and hate (or life and death)
B) a small number-between 2 and 10
C) 25-as represented by the 5 x 5 emotion grid
D) an almost limitless number

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Which of the following group of theorists would most likely agree with this statement: "Before emotion can occur, a person engages in a meaning interpretation of the event to evaluate its importance or relevance to personal well-being."


A) biological emotion researchers only
B) cognitive emotion researchers only
C) both biological and cognitive emotion researchers
D) neither biological nor cognitive emotion researchers

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Draw the circumplex model of mood by identifying the labels that define the endpoints of both the x-axis and the y-axis.

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The circumplex model of mood is a concep...

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The most important single theme that emerges from Plutchik's chicken-and-egg analysis of the cause of emotion is:


A) biological determinants are primarily, but not exclusively, responsible for emotion.
B) cognitions do not directly cause emotions any more than biological events do.
C) cognitive determinants are primarily, but not exclusively, responsible for emotion.
D) that since biological responses come first, they should be the most important element in the cause of emotion.

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Which of the following is the best explanation of why feeling good because of positive affect generates so many positive outcomes


A) Being in a good mood influences biology, like serotonergic brain pathways.
B) Being in a good mood influences cognition, like memory and judgment.
C) Being in a good mood suppresses negative affect that would otherwise generate negative outcomes.
D) Being in a good mood suppresses negative emotions like fear from rising to a threshold of awareness.

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Identify the four interrelated dimensions, or components, of emotion. For each dimension, provide a one sentence description or example.

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The four interrelated dimensions of emot...

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In Buddhist thought (as expressed by the Dalai Lama) , which are the three most destructive emotions?


A) anger, greed, and lust
B) craving, agitation, and hatred
C) fear, anger, and greed
D) love, hate, and fear

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Explain why positive affect facilitates outcomes such as sociability, prosocial behavior, and creativity. That is, through what causal mechanism(s) does feeling good promote these outcomes?

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Positive affect, or feeling good, can fa...

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In the following example, explain why the emotion of fear/terror rather than the physiological need for air is the primary motivator: A child puts a sweater on over his head, it gets stuck, and the child experiences a moment of air deprivation. He then shows panic-like emotion and finally coping behavior.

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The emotion of fear/terror is the primary motivator in this example because the child's immediate reaction to the sweater getting stuck over his head is panic-like emotion. This indicates that the child's primary concern is not the physiological need for air, but rather the fear and terror of being trapped or suffocated. The panic-like emotion and coping behavior that follows further support the idea that the child's primary motivator is fear/terror, as he is focused on escaping the situation and alleviating the fear rather than solely addressing the need for air.

Consider the actor on stage who is beginning to feel stage fright. Given an example of "reappraisal" that the actor could use as an emotion regulation strategy to reduce or remove the negative emotionality (the stage fright).

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One example of "reappraisal" that the ac...

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Overview the beneficial consequences of a positive mood state (i.e., positive affect).

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Positive mood states, also known as posi...

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Debate or justify the claim that the emotions equip the individual with a specific, efficient response to a problem of physical and social survival.

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Emotions play a crucial role in equippin...

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_____are short-lived psychological-physiological phenomena the present efficient modes of adaptation to changing environmental demands.


A) Arousal states
B) Drives
C) Emotions
D) Insights

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Consider disgust. Explain what causes it; explain its purpose-why it is a beneficial emotion to have; and explain how a highly disgusted person is likely to behave.

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Disgust is an emotion that is typically ...

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Name and outline the five emotion regulation strategies that are possible within the sequence or flow of a typical emotional episode.

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Name: Emotion Regulation Strategies

1. ...

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