Question 1

The flow of biological information begins with

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA replication.
B)   RNA transcription.
C)   mRNA translation.
D)   transcriptional regulation.

Question 2

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the reaction between the appropriate amino acid and ATP to form an activated amino acid: amino acid + ATP ↔ aminoacyl-AMP + P-P.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Supercoiling is important for DNA structure, because

Accepted Answer

A)   it holds together the antiparallel strands of DNA in the double helix.
B)   it provides energy for transcription.
C)   it condenses the DNA so that it can fit inside the cell.
D)   it prevents RNA from pairing with DNA in the double helix.

Question 4

Explain how Escherichia coli can grow with a doubling time of 20 minutes when chromosome replication takes 40 minutes.

Accepted Answer

Answers should demonstrate understanding...

Question 5

The function of the DNA polymerase is to catalyze

Accepted Answer

A)   the addition of deoxynucleotides.
B)   the formation of RNA primers.
C)   the addition of ribonucleotides.
D)   hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs.

Question 6

Throughout the living world, the genetic code is generally universal; however, there are slight variations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

DNA participates in protein synthesis through

Accepted Answer

A)   cyclic messengers.
B)   direct pairing with amino acids.
C)   an RNA intermediate.
D)   protein folding.

Question 8

How are plasmids different than chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Plasmids are always small, linear pieces of DNA.
B)   Plasmids are composed of single-stranded DNA.
C)   Plasmids contain genes that are NOT essential for cellular growth and replication.
D)   Plasmids carry unimportant genes that are of little significance for the ecology and metabolism of an organism.

Question 9

You experimentally change the DNA sequence directly upstream of a start codon of an operon in E. coli to investigate the function of this region of DNA. Analysis reveals that after the change the same amount of mRNA is made from the operon, but there are very few proteins made from the operon. What is the most likely function of the DNA sequence that you changed?

Accepted Answer

A)   The DNA sequence likely functions as a ribosome-binding site.
B)   The DNA sequence likely functions as a promoter.
C)   The DNA sequence likely functions as a termination sequence.
D)   The DNA sequence likely functions as in transcriptional regulation.

Question 10

GTP provides energy for

Accepted Answer

A)   transcription.
B)   translation.
C)   DNA replication.
D)   protein folding. B

Question 11

Speculate why the half-life of mRNA is short, while the half-lives of rRNA and tRNA are long.

Accepted Answer

An important feature present in rRNA and...

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding DNA and RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   The overall direction of chain growth is from the 5ʹ to 3ʹ end.
B)   Both processes require an RNA primer to begin.
C)   The template strand is antiparallel to the newly synthesized strand.
D)   DNA is the template for both DNA and RNA synthesis.

Question 13

RNA is incapable of forming secondary structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

An operon is a useful genetic element, because it

Accepted Answer

A)   encourages the binding of RNA polymerase.
B)   allows coordinated expression of multiple related genes in prokaryotes.
C)   translates DNA sequence into amino acid sequence.
D)   encourages the binding of ribosomes in the correct location.

Question 15

AT-rich DNA will denature/melt

Accepted Answer

A)   at a higher temperature than GC-rich DNA.
B)   at a lower temperature than GC-rich DNA.
C)   usually at the same temperature as GC-rich DNA, with some minor variations.
D)   in accordance with the animal or plant from which it was taken. B

Question 16

Termination of RNA synthesis is ultimately determined by

Accepted Answer

A)   exhaustion of RNA polymerase activity.
B)   special protein factors.
C)   terminases.
D)   specific nucleotide sequences on the template strand.

Question 17

DNA replication is started with a(n)  ________, which, in most cases, in vivo is a short stretch of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   promoter / DNA
B)   mRNA / RNA
C)   primer / RNA
D)   ribosome-binding sequence / DNA

Question 18

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   mRNA has a very short half-life.
B)   mRNA has complex secondary structure.
C)   mRNA is catalytic.
D)   mRNA is the product of translation.

Question 19

You are trying to design a protein that will be expressed in Escherichia coli and secreted outside of the cell for purification and use as a pharmaceutical. E. coli is a gram-negative cell and the protein folds after it has exited the cell. Which secretion system would work best for this project? Support your answer with evidence based on the properties of E. coli, the protein, and the secretion system.

Accepted Answer

Answers should refer to the fact that E....

Question 20

The template for RNA polymerase is ________, and the new RNA molecule is ________ to the template.

Accepted Answer

A)   an independent RNA segment / parallel and identical
B)   DNA / antiparallel and complementary
C)   an independent RNA segment / antiparallel and complementary
D)   DNA / parallel and identical B

Exam 4: Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

The flow of biological information begins with

Correct Answer
verified

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the reaction between the appropriate amino acid and ATP to form an activated amino acid: amino acid + ATP ↔ aminoacyl-AMP + P-P.

Correct Answer
verified

Supercoiling is important for DNA structure, because

Correct Answer
verified

Explain how Escherichia coli can grow with a doubling time of 20 minutes when chromosome replication takes 40 minutes.

Correct Answer
verified
Answers should demonstrate understanding...
View Answer

The function of the DNA polymerase is to catalyze

Correct Answer
verified

Throughout the living world, the genetic code is generally universal; however, there are slight variations.

Correct Answer
verified

DNA participates in protein synthesis through

Correct Answer
verified

How are plasmids different than chromosomes?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

GTP provides energy for

Correct Answer
verified
B

Speculate why the half-life of mRNA is short, while the half-lives of rRNA and tRNA are long.

Correct Answer
verified
An important feature present in rRNA and...
View Answer

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding DNA and RNA synthesis?

Correct Answer
verified

RNA is incapable of forming secondary structure.

Correct Answer
verified

An operon is a useful genetic element, because it

Correct Answer
verified

AT-rich DNA will denature/melt

Correct Answer
verified
B

Termination of RNA synthesis is ultimately determined by

Correct Answer
verified

DNA replication is started with a(n) , which, in most cases, in vivo is a short stretch of .

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning mRNA?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Answers should refer to the fact that E....
View Answer

The template for RNA polymerase is , and the new RNA molecule is to the template.

Correct Answer
verified
B

Exam 4: Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

The flow of biological information begins with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the reaction between the appropriate amino acid and ATP to form an activated amino acid: amino acid + ATP ↔ aminoacyl-AMP + P-P.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Supercoiling is important for DNA structure, because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how Escherichia coli can grow with a doubling time of 20 minutes when chromosome replication takes 40 minutes.

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswers should demonstrate understanding...View AnswerShow Answer

The function of the DNA polymerase is to catalyze

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Throughout the living world, the genetic code is generally universal; however, there are slight variations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

DNA participates in protein synthesis through

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How are plasmids different than chromosomes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

GTP provides energy for

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Speculate why the half-life of mRNA is short, while the half-lives of rRNA and tRNA are long.

Correct AnswerverifiedAn important feature present in rRNA and...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding DNA and RNA synthesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

RNA is incapable of forming secondary structure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An operon is a useful genetic element, because it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

AT-rich DNA will denature/melt

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Termination of RNA synthesis is ultimately determined by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

DNA replication is started with a(n) ________, which, in most cases, in vivo is a short stretch of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning mRNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswers should refer to the fact that E....View AnswerShow Answer

The template for RNA polymerase is ________, and the new RNA molecule is ________ to the template.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

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Answers should demonstrate understanding...
View Answer

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B

Correct Answer
verified
An important feature present in rRNA and...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
B

Correct Answer
verified

DNA replication is started with a(n) , which, in most cases, in vivo is a short stretch of .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Answers should refer to the fact that E....
View Answer

The template for RNA polymerase is , and the new RNA molecule is to the template.

Correct Answer
verified
B