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Exam 51: Animal Behavior

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Question 1

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One way to understand how early environment influences behaviors in similar species is through the "cross-fostering" experimental technique. Suppose that the curly-whiskered mud rat differs from the bald mud rat in several ways, including being much more aggressive. How would you set up a cross-fostering experiment to determine if environment plays a role in the curly-whiskered mud rat's aggression?

A) You would cross curly-whiskered mud rats and bald mud rats and hand-rear the offspring to see if any grew up to be aggressive.
B) You would place newborn curly-whiskered mud rats with bald mud rat parents and place newborn bald mud rats with curly-whiskered mud rat parents. Finally, let some mud rats of both species be raised by their own species. Then you would compare the outcomes.
C) You would remove the offspring of curly-whiskered mud rats and bald mud rats from their parents, raise them in the same environment but without parents, and then compare the outcomes.
D) You would replace normal newborn mud rats with deformed newborn mud rats to see if it triggered an altruistic response.

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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In testing a hypothesis that "territorial defense in European robins is a fixed action pattern that is released by the sight of orange feathers," researchers found that robins defended their territory by attacking anything that was of similar size and had an orange patch. What experiment would you perform next to determine that the color initiated the defense response?

A) Repeat the experiment using a blue patch instead of an orange patch.
B) Repeat the experiment by removing the patch completely.
C) Repeat the experiment by using a model of a robin that was twice the size of a normal robin but with a small orange patch.
D) Repeat the experiment by using a model of a robin that had an orange patch that was twice the size of a normal patch.

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Question 3

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Which of the following is required for a behavioral trait to evolve by natural selection?

You observe scrub jays hiding food and notice that one particular individual only pretends to hide food. What kind of experiment could you perform to test whether this behavior was random or in response to another signal?

Listed are several examples of types of animal behavior. Choose the letter of the correct term (A-E) that matches each example in the following questions. A. operant conditioning B. classical conditioning C. innate behavior D. imprinting E. altruistic behavior -A cat runs to its food dish when it hears the sound of a can opener.

Fred and Joe, two unrelated, mature male gorillas, encounter one another. Fred is courting a female. Fred grunts as Joe comes near. As Joe continues to advance, Fred begins drumming (pounding his chest) and bares his teeth. Joe then rolls on the ground on his back, gets up, and quickly leaves. This behavioral pattern is repeated several times during the mating season. Choose the most specific behavior described by this example.

How would you classify the genetic basis for most behavioral traits in the animal kingdom?

Use the following figures to answer the question. What could you conclude if the honeybee in the figure switched from the "waggle dance" to the "round dance"?

What type of signal is fast and requires daylight with no obstructions?

Although many chimpanzees live in environments containing oil palm nuts, members of only a few populations use stones to crack open the nuts. The likely explanation is that ________.

A vampire bat sharing blood with another bat that is not its kin is an example of ________.

A lizard's bobbing dewlap (a colorful flap of skin hanging from an Anolis lizard's throat) is an example of a(n) ________.

Animals that help other animals of the same species ________.

Which of the following statements is true about certainty of paternity?

Female spotted sandpipers aggressively court males and, after mating, leave the clutch of young for the male to incubate. This sequence may be repeated several times with different males until no available males remain, forcing the female to incubate her last clutch. Which of the following terms best describes this behavior?

The occurrence of sexual dimorphism in a species is a likely indicator of ________.

The color of throats of males in a population of side-blotched lizards is determined by ________.

Listed are several examples of types of animal behavior. Choose the letter of the correct term (A-E) that matches each example in the following questions. A. operant conditioning B. classical conditioning C. innate behavior D. imprinting E. altruistic behavior -Upon observing a golden eagle flying overhead, a sentry prairie dog gives a warning call to other foraging members of the prairie dog community.

Although many chimpanzees live in environments with oil palm nuts, members of only a few populations use stones to crack open the nuts. The likely explanation is that

You have captured a number of rats from a wild population and quickly surmise with tests that they are very good at avoiding food with poisons. What would best explain this observation?