Question 1

If a mammal did not obtain enough iodine in its diet, you might expect ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   a decreased ability to produce thyroid hormones
B)   a decrease in enzyme function
C)   the animal to have weak bones
D)   a decrease in muscle function

Question 2

An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   excludes the need for extracellular digestion
B)   allows for specialized regions with specialized functions
C)   allows extensive branching
D)   facilitates intracellular digestion

Question 3

Pepsinogen is converted to its active form in the stomach by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   HCl
B)   chief cells
C)   high pH conditions
D)   parietal cells

Question 4

Why do the cells of the digestive system secrete proteolytic enzymes, such as pepsin, in their inactive forms?

Accepted Answer

A)   These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.
B)   By secreting inactive enzymes, the catalytic activity of the enzymes is maintained for a longer time.
C)   The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form.
D)   Inactive pepsin and trypsin are more easily transported across the cell membrane

Question 5

In the digestive system, peristalsis is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   a process of fat emulsification in the small intestine
B)   voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation
C)   the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vessel
D)   smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus

Question 6

A significant contribution of intestinal bacteria to human nutrition is the benefit of bacterial ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   production of vitamins A and C
B)   absorption of organic materials
C)   production of vitamin K
D)   recovery of water from fecal matter

Question 7

Which of the following is a difference between vitamins and minerals?

Accepted Answer

A)   Vitamins are involved in regulating enzyme activity, but minerals are not.
B)   Vitamins are organic molecules, but minerals are inorganic molecules.
C)   Minerals are obtained by an animal through dietary sources, but vitamins are made by the animal.
D)   Vitamins and minerals are only obtained by digesting plants. B

Question 8

Ticks are parasites that obtain nutrients by ingesting blood from a host animal. Ticks would be classified as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   filter feeders
B)   substrate feeders
C)   fluid feeders
D)   bulk feeders

Question 9

A zoologist analyzes the jawbones of an extinct mammal and concludes that it was an herbivore. The zoologist most likely came to this conclusion based upon the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   position of muscle attachment sites
B)   shape of the teeth
C)   size of the mouth opening
D)   angle of the teeth in the mouth

Question 10

If you place a small piece of a cracker on your tongue, what would you expect to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)   The vitamins in the cracker are immediately absorbed.
B)   Salivary amylase degrades the starch from the cracker into glucose.
C)   The proteins in the cracker begin to be digested.
D)   The flavor becomes less noticeable because the sugars are digested.

Question 11

The large surface area in the gut directly facilitates ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   secretion
B)   absorption
C)   filtration
D)   temperature regulation

Question 12

Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)   stomach-fat digestion
B)   large intestine-bile production
C)   small intestine-polysaccharide digestion
D)   pancreas-starch digestion

Question 13

What benefit is gained by intestinal bacteria living in a mutualistic relationship with an animal?

Accepted Answer

A)   The bacteria are provided with a regular source of nutrients.
B)   Temperature is always regulated.
C)   The bacteria can easily infect the animal's intestinal cells.
D)   The bacteria can avoid the animal's immune system.

Question 14

Examine the digestive system structures in the figure. Most of the digestion of fats occurs in structure(s) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   3 only
B)   4 only
C)   1 and 4
D)   3 and 4 B

Question 15

Examine the digestive system structures in the figure. Bacteria that produce vitamins are found in the greatest concentration in location ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   3
B)   4
C)   5
D)   8

Question 16

Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   initiate the chemical digestion of protein in the stomach
B)   initiate the mechanical digestion of lipids in the stomach
C)   initiate the chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach
D)   delay digestion until the food arrives in the small intestine

Question 17

A relatively long cecum is characteristic of animals that are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   carnivores
B)   herbivores
C)   autotrophs
D)   omnivores

Question 18

After surgical removal of the gallbladder, a person might need to limit his or her dietary intake of

Accepted Answer

A)   starch.
B)   protein.
C)   sugar.
D)   fat. D

Question 19

The process by which digested dietary substances cross cell membranes to be used by the body is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   ingestion
B)   digestion
C)   hydrolysis
D)   absorption

Question 20

When used appropriately, antibiotic treatment can effectively reduce bacteria populations and help fight infections. However, antibiotic treatments can have unintended effects. What is one concern when using antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A)   Antibiotics also damage animal cells, so they can be more harmful than a bacterial infection.
B)   Antibiotics cause viruses to become more effective at infecting cells.
C)   Each antibiotic is only effective against one type of bacteria, so effects on infection are limited.
D)   Antibiotics may also kill the beneficial bacteria of the microbiome, thereby disrupting digestive health.

Exam 41: Animal Nutrition

If a mammal did not obtain enough iodine in its diet, you might expect ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pepsinogen is converted to its active form in the stomach by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do the cells of the digestive system secrete proteolytic enzymes, such as pepsin, in their inactive forms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the digestive system, peristalsis is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A significant contribution of intestinal bacteria to human nutrition is the benefit of bacterial ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a difference between vitamins and minerals?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Ticks are parasites that obtain nutrients by ingesting blood from a host animal. Ticks would be classified as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A zoologist analyzes the jawbones of an extinct mammal and concludes that it was an herbivore. The zoologist most likely came to this conclusion based upon the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you place a small piece of a cracker on your tongue, what would you expect to happen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The large surface area in the gut directly facilitates ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What benefit is gained by intestinal bacteria living in a mutualistic relationship with an animal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Examine the digestive system structures in the figure. Most of the digestion of fats occurs in structure(s) ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Examine the digestive system structures in the figure. Bacteria that produce vitamins are found in the greatest concentration in location ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A relatively long cecum is characteristic of animals that are ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After surgical removal of the gallbladder, a person might need to limit his or her dietary intake of

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The process by which digested dietary substances cross cell membranes to be used by the body is known as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When used appropriately, antibiotic treatment can effectively reduce bacteria populations and help fight infections. However, antibiotic treatments can have unintended effects. What is one concern when using antibiotics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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B

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D

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