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Exam 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

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Question 21

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Researchers found a strain of E. coli bacteria that had mutation rates one hundred times higher than normal. Which of the following statements correctly describes the most likely cause of these results?

A) The single-strand binding proteins were malfunctioning during DNA replication.
B) There were one or more base pair mismatches in the RNA primer.
C) The proofreading mechanism of DNA polymerase was not working properly.
D) The DNA polymerase was unable to add bases to the 3′ end of the growing nucleic acid chain.

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Question 22

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A heat-killed, phosphorescent (light-emitting) strain of bacteria is mixed with a living, non-phosphorescent strain. Further observations of the mixture show that some of the living cells are now phosphorescent. Which of the following observations would provide the best evidence that the ability to phosphoresce is a heritable trait?

A) evidence that DNA was passed from the heat-killed strain to the living strain
B) evidence that protein passed from the heat-killed strain to the living strain
C) especially bright phosphorescence in the living strain
D) phosphorescence in descendants of the living cells

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Question 23

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DNA contains the template needed to copy itself, but it has no catalytic activity in cells. What catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides in the DNA polymer being formed during DNA replication?

You briefly expose bacteria undergoing DNA replication to radioactively labeled nucleotides. When you centrifuge the DNA isolated from the bacteria, the DNA separates into two classes. One class of labeled DNA includes very large molecules (thousands or even millions of nucleotides long) , and the other includes short stretches of DNA (several hundred to a few thousand nucleotides in length) . Which two classes of DNA do these different samples represent?

What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized?

Which of the following lists represents the order of increasingly higher levels of organization of chromatin?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the structure of chromatin?

In his transformation experiments, what phenomenon did Griffith observe?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the structure of a eukaryotic chromosome?

Why does a new DNA strand elongate only in the 5' to 3' direction during DNA replication?

It became apparent to Watson and Crick after completion of their model that the DNA molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information. Which of the following characteristics of DNA is responsible for this?

The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine in DNA results in hypoxanthine, an uncommon base, opposite thymine. What combination of proteins could repair such damage?

Telomere shortening puts a limit on the number of times a cell can divide. Research has shown that telomerase can extend the life span of cultured human cells. How might adding telomerase affect cellular aging?

Within a double-stranded DNA molecule, adenine forms hydrogen bonds with thymine, and cytosine forms hydrogen bonds with guanine. What is the significance of the structural arrangement?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand in DNA replication?

Which of the following types of cells are affected most by telomere shortening?

In his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria and mice, Griffith found that

Which of the following types of molecules help to hold the DNA strands apart while they are being replicated?

Which of the following statements accurately describes one characteristic of histones?

Thymine makes up 28% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be guanine?