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Exam 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

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Question 21

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When a molecule of NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton) , the molecule becomes ________.

A) dehydrogenated
B) oxidized
C) reduced
D) redoxed

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Question 22

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During which of the following metabolic processes is most of the CO₂ from the catabolism of glucose is released?

A) glycolysis
B) electron transport
C) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
D) the citric acid cycle

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Question 23

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In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + ᵢ to ATP?

Water is one of the end products of aerobic respiration. What is the source of the oxygen atom used in formation of the water?

Which of the following statements describes a primary function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?

What kinds of cells carry out ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis?

Yeast cells that have defective mitochondria incapable of respiration will be able to grow by catabolizing which of the following carbon sources for energy?

The enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) catalyzes a key step in glycolysis. About 10% of Springer spaniels suffer from canine PFK deficiency. Given its critical role in glycolysis, which of the following conditions would be a likely consequence for dogs afflicted with this disorder?

Which of the following processes generates a proton-motive force in mitochondria?

Use the following information to answer the question below. The citric acid cycle. If pyruvate oxidation is blocked, what will happen to the levels of oxaloacetate and citric acid in the citric acid cycle shown in the accompanying figure?

In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, which results in the production of which of the following sets of molecules?

Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO₂ with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is stored in the form of which of the following molecules?

If glucose is the sole energy source, what fraction of the carbon dioxide exhaled by animals is generated only by the reactions involved in oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes are about five times the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes. What purpose must this serve?

What is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction? Pyruvate + NADH + H⁺ → Lactate + NAD⁺

Starting with one molecule of glucose, glycolysis results in the net production of which of the following sets of energy-containing products?

Fatty acids usually have an even number of carbons in their structures. Catabolism of fatty acids produces two-carbon fragments that are converted to acetyl CoA molecules. What is the most likely way in which these acetyl CoA molecules would be metabolized in aerobic cellular respiration?

Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis?

Use the following information to answer the question below. The citric acid cycle. If you were to add one of the eight citric acid cycle intermediates to the culture medium of yeast growing in the laboratory, what do you think would happen to the rates of ATP and carbon dioxide production?

Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?