A) Only a very few Americans actually needed government assistance during the Great Depression.
B) Black workers were relegated to the least generous assistance programs with discriminatory eligibility standards administered by states.
C) New Deal work programs helped restore economic prosperity relatively quickly, leaving only the least qualified long-term unemployed behind.
D) By the middle of the 1930s, more and more Americans came to associate New Deal assistance programs with similar government help offered in Nazi Germany.
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A) It included aid to families with dependent children.
B) It was original in its concept and design.
C) Congress dropped the provision for national health insurance from the original bill.
D) It created a system of unemployment insurance.
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A) was not nearly as successful.
B) was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
C) had less longevity.
D) tended to focus more on systemic reform than on immediate relief.
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A) Southern states had an enormous impact on national policy during the Depression.
B) New Deal programs largely benefited whites at the expense of blacks.
C) Blacks lost the right to vote across the South.
D) To maintain support in Congress, Roosevelt pursued legislation acceptable to southern Democrats.
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A) It took on the debt of commercial banks to ensure their solvency and financial health.
B) It established a gold standard to shore up the strength of the American dollar.
C) It banned commercial banks from involvement in buying and selling stocks, and set up the FDIC.
D) It proved to be a temporary financial measure that did not survive beyond the Great Depression.
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A) were successful in pointing out the flaws of his proposals and shifting the will of Congress.
B) acknowledged the merits of Long's proposals due to the economic calamity at the time.
C) believed that the government was already doing too much in providing direct relief.
D) could accept modest redistribution of wealth.
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A) Workers' militancy and the tactical skills of a new generation of leaders.
B) The government's unsympathetic view of workers' rights.
C) The minimal amount of labor unrest during the 1930s.
D) The American Federation of Labor's willingness to organize unions of industrial workers.
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A) Securities and Exchange Commission and Public Works Administration.
B) National Recovery Administration and Civilian Conservation Corps.
C) Glass-Steagall Act and Agricultural Adjustment Act.
D) Agricultural Adjustment Act and National Recovery Administration.
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A) populist movements that urged Roosevelt to expand efforts to change the government's role in the economy.
B) petitions by the aged who claimed they were owed by society for their years of contributions to the workforce.
C) efforts of American politicians to respond to social welfare policies in Europe that might make the United States look uncaring about its poor.
D) conservative campaigns to enact legislation that would primarily benefit Republican constituencies.
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A) created the Works Progress Administration.
B) allowed the National Labor Relations Board to supervise union elections.
C) sponsored ballet and modern dance programs.
D) made all unions illegal.
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A) applied only to the American West.
B) put young men to work in national parks.
C) applied only to the state of Tennessee.
D) combined economic regional planning with relief.
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A) Roosevelt chose not to run again.
B) business leaders supported the Democratic Party.
C) the so-called New Deal coalition reelected FDR in a landslide.
D) the Republican candidate Alfred Landon promised to expand Social Security.
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A) His traditional urban Catholic constituency considered him too radical.
B) The Republican establishment thought him too much like Roosevelt for their taste.
C) He had made the mistake of relying on the organizational skills of the conservative AFL.
D) He faced a powerful new political coalition that would deliver Republicans plenty of defeats for the next few decades.
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A) Balanced budgets were sacred.
B) A bimetallic standard was superior to the gold standard.
C) Depressions typically emerged from a consumer's crisis of confidence.
D) A national economy always benefited from a trade surplus.
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A) was originally vetoed by President Roosevelt.
B) was adopted from the British welfare system.
C) provided federal funding for the poor and needy.
D) included pensions and unemployment relief.
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A) as a set of public policy initiatives that did not result in sustained prosperity.
B) as more powerful in scope than future European welfare states.
C) for recasting the idea of American freedom to include a public guarantee of economic security for ordinary people.
D) as the key factor in Franklin D. Roosevelt's deep unpopularity with the majority of the American people by 1940.
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A) By being less discriminatory in their hiring practices.
B) By investing less overseas.
C) By increasing their workers' wages.
D) By paying their taxes.
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A) reflected the racism that was prevalent in the South during the 1930s.
B) was refused a hearing by the Supreme Court.
C) was publicized by the Industrial Workers of the World.
D) established legal principles that greatly restricted the definition of civil liberties.
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A) had ended the Depression.
B) had the full support of the Supreme Court.
C) was validated in the United States v. Butler decision.
D) faced mounting pressures and criticism.
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