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A feature of managed care is its reliance upon capitation financing.

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Which is a contributor to the increase in health care expenditures?


A) Aging of the population.
B) Increases in hospital expenses.
C) Higher costs for physician services.
D) Increase in the number of prescriptions written.
E) All of the above are contributors.

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The greatest single increase since 1982-84 has been in the cost of prescription drugs. This category is followed by increases in hospital costs.

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Medical specialization has produced very few positive benefits.

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Estimates for 2019 indicate that health costs may average _________for every man, woman, and child.


A) $5,568.
B) $7,026.
C) $10,008.
D) $13,387.
E) None of the above.

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Managed care does not alter the patient-physician relationship; it exists above and beyond it.

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The rural poor are less likely to be treated by foreign medical school graduates.

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________________ are the manufacturers of pharmaceuticals and medical supplies and equipment, which play a major role in research, development, and distribution of medical goods.


A) Official agencies.
B) Voluntary agencies.
C) Health maintenance organizations.
D) Preferred provider organizations.
E) Allied health enterprises.

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What is the main health care problem in rural areas with respect to equity?


A) Quality.
B) Cost.
C) Access.
D) Pharmaceuticals.
E) All of the above.

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Primary care or family practitioners are over-represented among physicians.

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False

In the early to mid-1990s, private health care in the United States experienced a dramatic reorganization into managed care plans.

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Identify and discuss the three major issues in the public debate about health care delivery in the United States.

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The three major issues in the public debate about health care delivery in the United States are access, cost, and quality. Access to healthcare is a major concern, as many Americans still struggle to afford or obtain adequate health care services. This issue is particularly prevalent among low-income individuals and those living in rural areas, where there may be a lack of healthcare facilities and providers. The debate often centers around how to ensure that all Americans have access to affordable and comprehensive healthcare services. Cost is another significant issue in the public debate about health care delivery. The high cost of healthcare in the United States has led to financial burdens for many individuals and families, as well as for the government and employers who provide health insurance. The debate often focuses on how to control healthcare costs while still maintaining high-quality care for all Americans. Quality of care is also a major concern in the public debate about health care delivery. There are disparities in the quality of care provided across different regions and populations, and there are also concerns about patient safety and the effectiveness of certain healthcare interventions. The debate often revolves around how to improve the overall quality of healthcare services and ensure that all Americans receive safe and effective care. Overall, these three issues – access, cost, and quality – are at the forefront of the public debate about health care delivery in the United States, and finding solutions to these challenges is crucial for improving the healthcare system for all Americans.

Describe the Medicare and Medicaid programs in depth, with an evaluation for each in the context of health policy.

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Medicare and Medicaid are two government...

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Sometimes not having health insurance can contribute to the death of a patient.

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The urban poor have historically been dependent on public hospitals and clinics rather than private hospitals and practitioners for providing patient care.

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DRGs:


A) List what the government would pay for medical procedures.
B) Help physicians diagnose the proper illness to classify a patient with.
C) Create a monthly payment schedule for physicians, depending on the number of patients they see.
D) Are organizations of physicians that regulate expenditures in clinics throughout the United States.
E) None of the above.

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Present arguments for and against health reform.

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Arguments for health reform include the ...

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"The problem of equity with respect to health services is and remains a serious problem in American society." Why is this a problem, and how does it relate to policy?

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The problem of equity with respect to health services is a serious issue in American society because it means that not everyone has equal access to quality healthcare. This can lead to disparities in health outcomes, with certain groups facing higher rates of illness, disability, and premature death. This problem is related to policy because it highlights the need for healthcare policies that address and reduce these disparities. Policies that focus on improving access to healthcare for marginalized communities, addressing social determinants of health, and promoting health equity can help to mitigate these issues. Additionally, policies that address systemic issues such as racism, poverty, and discrimination can also play a role in improving equity in health services. Overall, addressing the problem of equity in health services requires a comprehensive approach that involves both healthcare policies and broader social policies aimed at reducing disparities and promoting equal access to quality healthcare for all individuals.

Which of the following is NOT one of the provisions included in the 2010 U.S. health care reforms?


A) Persons with preexisting conditions can no longer be denied coverage.
B) A minimum level of benefits set by the government must be provided in all health insurance plans.
C) Businesses with three or more employees are required to provide health insurance for both full-time and part-time employees.
D) Low-income persons under 65 will be covered by an expanded Medicaid program.
E) Children may remain on their parent's health insurance plan until age 26.

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This organization provides for the federal government's sharing in the payments made by state welfare agencies to health care providers for services rendered to the poor:


A) Medicare.
B) Medicaid.
C) DRGs.
D) HMOs and PPOs.
E) None of the above.

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