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Exam 1: Tiinking Critically With Psychological Science

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Question 131

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An extensive survey revealed that children with relatively high self-esteem tend to picture God as kind and loving, whereas those with lower self-esteem tend to perceive God as angry. The researchers concluded that the children's self-esteem had apparently influenced their views of God. This conclusion best illustrates the danger of

A) perceiving order in random events.
B) generalizing from extreme examples.
C) exaggerating the extent to which outcomes are foreseeable.
D) assuming that association proves causation.

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Question 132

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When psychologists insist that "the rat is always right," they are emphasizing the scientific attitude of

A) humility.
B) respect for animals.
C) ecological sensitivity.
D) enthusiasm for animal research studies.

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Question 133

Multiple Choice

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The perception that psychological research findings merely verify our commonsense understanding is most clearly facilitated by

Which of the following is most likely to inhibit critical thinking?

The scientific attitude requires an open-minded humility because it involves a willingness to

The study of psychology is potentially dangerous because

A sample average can be used to estimate a population average with greater precision if the sample is

After his property was vandalized by a small group of teenagers, Mr. Mahmood concluded that most teenagers are irresponsible and delinquent. Mr. Mahmood ought to be reminded that accurate generalizations depend on

Random sampling is to ________ as random assignment is to ________.

Mike Crampton's stockbroker has informed him that he has suffered substantial investment losses. When Mike tells his wife, she angrily responds, "I could have told you that your investment plan would fail!" Her comment best illustrates

To prevent the possibility that a placebo effect or researchers' expectations will influence a study's results, scientists employ

The principle of informed consent is most directly relevant to people's right to

Dr. Donelian wants to reduce his students' perceptions that psychological experiments merely document the obvious. His best strategy would be to ask the students to

Megan was certain that she would never live far away from her family. However, when offered a better job in another state, she decided to move. Megan's experience best illustrates

A researcher would be most likely to discover a positive correlation between

Correlational research is most useful for purposes of

Although Dominick's psychology class is sometimes longer or shorter than usual, on average each class is 50 minutes. If the lengths of these classes form a normal curve, which statistic would enable Dominick to estimate the probability that any single class will last somewhere between 47 and 53 minutes?

Median is to range as central tendency is to ________.

After the horror of 9/11, many people said the CIA and FBI should obviously have foreseen the likelihood of this form of terrorism. This perception most clearly illustrates

The set of scores that would likely be most representative of the population from which it was drawn would be a sample with a relatively