Question 1

Identify structure A in the image.

Accepted Answer

A)   nostril
B)   sinus
C)   olfactory epithelium
D)   nasal cavity
E)   nasal conchae

Question 2

The condition in which the partial pressure of CO2 exceeds 40 mmHg is called

Accepted Answer

A)   hyperemia
B)   emphysema
C)   hypoxia
D)   narcosis
E)   hypercapnia

Question 3

_____ _____ is a clinical application of Henry's law used to treat diseases caused by anaerobic bacteria, such as those that cause tetanus and gangrene.

Accepted Answer

Hyperbaric...

Question 4

Which is a factor that helps maintain an optimal rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange in our body?

Accepted Answer

A)   minimal functional alveolar surface area for gas exchange
B)   greater diffusion distance between the alveoli and blood
C)   higher partial pressure difference between alveolar and blood O2
D)   low solubility of CO2 in the blood
E)   higher molecular weight of O2

Question 5

Identify the type of hypoxia that is caused by too little functioning hemoglobin present in the blood.

Accepted Answer

A)   hypoxic hypoxia
B)   anemic hypoxia
C)   ischemic hypoxia
D)   histotoxic hypoxia

Question 6

In an adult, tidal volume measures 500 mL/breath, anatomic dead space is 120 mL/breath, and respiratory rate is about 10 breaths/min. What is the alveolar ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)   3.8 L/min
B)   4.0 L/min
C)   3.6 L/min
D)   4.4 L/min
E)   3.0 L/min

Question 7

Which of the following scenarios does label A most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   oxygenated blood at high altitudes
B)   oxygenated blood in systemic arteries
C)   deoxygenated blood due to contracting skeletal muscles
D)   deoxygenated blood due to high cooperativity between oxygen and hemoglobin
E)   deoxygenated blood in systemic veins at rest

Question 8

The surfactant in alveolar fluid reduces surface tension by disrupting the cohesive forces between water molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The figure below shows various components of the respiratory center. Identify the group of neurons indicated by the arrow.

Accepted Answer

A)   pre-Bötzinger complex
B)   medulla oblongata
C)   dorsal respiratory group
D)   apneustic area
E)   pneumotaxic area

Question 10

Identify the true statement about peripheral chemoreceptors.

Accepted Answer

A)   They respond to changes in hydrogen ion concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid.
B)   They are sensitive to changes in partial pressure of O2 in the blood.
C)   They respond to changes in partial pressure of CO2 in the cerebrospinal fluid.
D)   They are insensitive to partial pressure of CO2 in the blood.
E)   They are insensitive to changes in hydrogen ion concentration in the blood.

Question 11

What factors affect lung compliance?

Accepted Answer

A)   rigidity and osmotic pressure
B)   Poiseuille flow and gas pressure
C)   capillarity and airway resistance
D)   elasticity and surface tension
E)   osmolality and surface adsorption

Question 12

Explain why smokers cough to remove foreign particles from their airways.

Accepted Answer

A)   Deposits of carbon in the epiglottis obstruct expectoration of trapped particles.
B)   The cilia are paralyzed by nicotine and are unable to help in the expulsion of trapped particles.
C)   The air turbulence created by the act of coughing prevents cilia from trapping the foreign particles.
D)   An increase in the periciliary fluid by nicotine causes mucus to thicken.
E)   The presence of nicotine causes cilia to entangle and inhibits their ability to trap foreign particles.

Question 13

Identify the true statement about regulation of ventilation.

Accepted Answer

A)   A stimulated limbic system decreases the rate and depth of ventilation.
B)   A decrease in body temperature decreases respiratory rate.
C)   Stretching the anal sphincter muscle decreases the rate of respiration.
D)   A prolonged somatic pain decreases respiratory rate.
E)   Physical or chemical irritation of the pharynx increases ventilation.

Question 14

Why is CO2 more soluble in blood plasma than O2?

Accepted Answer

A)   it is lighter than O2
B)   its partial pressure is lower than that of O2
C)   it is highly soluble in water
D)   its specific gravity is lesser than that of O2
E)   it is a higher affinity to hemoglobin than O2

Question 15

What is the function of the cilia in the nose?

Accepted Answer

A)   They move mucus and trapped particles down toward the pharynx.
B)   They lubricate the lining of the respiratory tract.
C)   They cause the inhaled air to become turbulent.
D)   They facilitate the movement of mucus along the respiratory tract.
E)   They help increase the total surface area for gaseous exchange.

Question 16

Identify the true statement about the affinity of hemoglobin for O2.

Accepted Answer

A)   Presence of carbonic acid in the erythrocytes increases the affinity of hemoglobin for O2.
B)   The affinity of hemoglobin for O2 increases with an increase in temperature.
C)   A decrease in the partial pressure of CO2 causes the affinity of hemoglobin for O2 to decrease.
D)   Presence of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate increases the affinity of hemoglobin for O2.
E)   The affinity of hemoglobin for O2 decreases with a decrease in acidity.

Question 17

The collapse of the air sacs shown in this image will have which of the following consequences?  will occur" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >

Accepted Answer

A)   the mucus layer will disintegrate
B)   lung ventilation will increase
C)   ciliary movement will be impaired
D)   gas exchange will be impaired
E)   expiration of oxygen will occur

Question 18

Flow of air into and out of the lungs can be attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)   a pressure gradient between the atmosphere and the alveoli
B)   a pulsating contraction and relaxation movement of the trachea
C)   the air turbulence created in the nasal conchae
D)   the rigidity of the diaphragm that maintains the pressure in the thorax
E)   a change in the volume of the intrapleural fluid

Question 19

Which of the following describes functional residual capacity?

Accepted Answer

A)   the maximum volume of air that can be expired after a normal expiration
B)   the maximum volume of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration
C)   the volume of air in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration
D)   the maximum volume of air that can be inspired after a normal inspiration
E)   the maximum volume of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiration

Question 20

What happens in the respiratory center during forced expiration?

Accepted Answer

A)   The inspiratory neurons of the dorsal respiratory group send action potentials for scalene muscle relaxation.
B)   The pre-Bötzinger complex sends action potentials for sternocleidomastoid muscle contraction.
C)   Neurons in the pontine respiratory center send action potentials to the diaphragm.
D)   The inspiratory neurons of the dorsal respiratory group get activated.
E)   The expiratory neurons of the ventral respiratory group get activated.

Exam 18: The Respiratory System

Explain why smokers cough to remove foreign particles from their airways.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following describes functional residual capacity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is a factor that helps maintain an optimal rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange in our body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Flow of air into and out of the lungs can be attributed to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the function of the cilia in the nose?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the type of hypoxia that is caused by too little functioning hemoglobin present in the blood.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ _____ is a clinical application of Henry's law used to treat diseases caused by anaerobic bacteria, such as those that cause tetanus and gangrene.

Correct AnswerverifiedHyperbaric...View AnswerShow Answer

Why is CO2 more soluble in blood plasma than O2?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The collapse of the air sacs shown in this image will have which of the following consequences?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The figure below shows various components of the respiratory center. Identify the group of neurons indicated by the arrow.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an adult, tidal volume measures 500 mL/breath, anatomic dead space is 120 mL/breath, and respiratory rate is about 10 breaths/min. What is the alveolar ventilation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The surfactant in alveolar fluid reduces surface tension by disrupting the cohesive forces between water molecules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following scenarios does label A most likely represent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What happens in the respiratory center during forced expiration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the true statement about the affinity of hemoglobin for O2.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify structure A in the image.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the true statement about peripheral chemoreceptors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the true statement about regulation of ventilation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What factors affect lung compliance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The condition in which the partial pressure of CO2 exceeds 40 mmHg is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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_ _ is a clinical application of Henry's law used to treat diseases caused by anaerobic bacteria, such as those that cause tetanus and gangrene.

Correct Answer
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Hyperbaric...
View Answer

Why is CO₂ more soluble in blood plasma than O₂?

Correct Answer
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Identify the true statement about the affinity of hemoglobin for O_2.

Correct Answer
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The condition in which the partial pressure of CO₂exceeds 40 mmHg is called

Correct Answer
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