Question 1

Which of the following normally occurs regardless of whether or not oxygen (O₂) is present?

Accepted Answer

A)   glycolysis
B)   fermentation
C)   oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
D)   citric acid cycle
E)   oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)

Question 2

Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)   0%
B)   2%
C)   10%
D)   38%
E)   100%

Question 3

Figure 9.1 illustrates some of the steps (reactions)  of glycolysis in their proper sequence. Each step is lettered. Use these letters to answer the questions.
  
Figure 9.1
-In which step in Figure 9.1 is an inorganic phosphate added to the reactant?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   D
E)   E

Question 4

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?

Accepted Answer

A)   cytosol
B)   mitochondrial outer membrane
C)   mitochondrial inner membrane
D)   mitochondrial intermembrane space
E)   mitochondrial matrix

Question 5

Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O₂) is present or absent?

Accepted Answer

A)   electron transport
B)   glycolysis
C)   the citric acid cycle
D)   oxidative phosphorylation
E)   chemiosmosis

Question 6

Figure 9.2 The citric acid cycle.
-Starting with one molecule of isocitrate and ending with fumarate, how many ATP molecules can be made through substrate-level phosphorylation (see Figure 9.2) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   2
C)   11
D)   12
E)   24

Question 7

Brown fat cells produce a protein called thermogenin in their mitochondrial inner membrane. Thermogenin is a channel for facilitated transport of protons across the membrane. What will occur in the brown fat cells when they produce thermogenin?

Accepted Answer

A)   ATP synthesis and heat generation will both increase.
B)   ATP synthesis will increase, and heat generation will decrease.
C)   ATP synthesis will decrease, and heat generation will increase.
D)   ATP synthesis and heat generation will both decrease.
E)   ATP synthesis and heat generation will stay the same.

Question 8

Figure 9.3
-What happens at the end of the chain in Figure 9.3?

Accepted Answer

A)   2 electrons combine with a proton and a molecule of NAD⁺.
B)   2 electrons combine with a molecule of oxygen and two hydrogen atoms.
C)   4 electrons combine with a molecule of oxygen and 4 protons.
D)   4 electrons combine with four hydrogen and two oxygen atoms.
E)   1 electron combines with a molecule of oxygen and a hydrogen atom.

Question 9

One function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation is to

Accepted Answer

A)   reduce NAD⁺ to NADH.
B)   reduce FAD⁺ to FADH₂.
C)   oxidize NADH to NAD⁺.
D)   reduce FADH₂ to FAD⁺.
E)   do none of the above.

Question 10

When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)   The pH of the matrix increases.
B)   ATP synthase pumps protons by active transport.
C)   The electrons gain free energy.
D)   The cytochromes phosphorylate ADP to form ATP.
E)   NAD⁺ is oxidized.

Question 11

A mutation in yeast makes it unable to convert pyruvate to ethanol. How will this mutation affect these yeast cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   The mutant yeast will be unable to grow anaerobically.
B)   The mutant yeast will grow anaerobically only when given glucose.
C)   The mutant yeast will be unable to metabolize glucose.
D)   The mutant yeast will die because they cannot regenerate NAD⁺ from NAD.
E)   The mutant yeast will metabolize only fatty acids.

Question 12

The transport of pyruvate into mitochondria depends on the proton-motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane. How does pyruvate enter the mitochondrion?

Accepted Answer

A)   active transport
B)   diffusion
C)   facilitated diffusion
D)   through a channel
E)   through a pore

Question 13

Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?

Accepted Answer

A)   It produces much less ATP than does oxidative phosphorylation.
B)   It does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms.
C)   It is found in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic cells.
D)   It relies on chemiosmosis, which is a metabolic mechanism present only in the first cells' prokaryotic cells.
E)   It requires the presence of membrane-enclosed cell organelles found only in eukaryotic cells.

Question 14

It is possible to prepare vesicles from portions of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Which one of the following processes could still be carried on by this isolated inner membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)   the citric acid cycle
B)   oxidative phosphorylation
C)   glycolysis and fermentation
D)   reduction of NAD⁺
E)   both the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 15

If a cell is able to synthesize 30 ATP molecules for each molecule of glucose completely oxidized by carbon dioxide and water, how many ATP molecules can the cell synthesize for each molecule of pyruvate oxidized to carbon dioxide and water?

Accepted Answer

A)   0
B)   1
C)   12
D)   14
E)   15

Question 16

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by

Accepted Answer

A)   substrate-level phosphorylation.
B)   electron transport.
C)   photophosphorylation.
D)   chemiosmosis.
E)   oxidation of NADH to NAD⁺.

Question 17

In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate

Accepted Answer

A)   two molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced.
B)   two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of ATP are produced.
C)   four molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced.
D)   two molecules of ATP are used and six molecules of ATP are produced.
E)   six molecules of ATP are used and six molecules of ATP are produced.

Question 18

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is

Accepted Answer

A)   oxygen.
B)   water.
C)   NAD⁺.
D)   pyruvate.
E)   ADP.

Question 19

A young animal has never had much energy. He is brought to a veterinarian for help and is sent to the animal hospital for some tests. There they discover his mitochondria can use only fatty acids and amino acids for respiration, and his cells produce more lactate than normal. Of the following, which is the best explanation of his condition?

Accepted Answer

A)   His mitochondria lack the transport protein that moves pyruvate across the outer mitochondrial membrane.
B)   His cells cannot move NADH from glycolysis into the mitochondria.
C)   His cells contain something that inhibits oxygen use in his mitochondria.
D)   His cells lack the enzyme in glycolysis that forms pyruvate.
E)   His cells have a defective electron transport chain, so glucose goes to lactate instead of to acetyl CoA.

Question 20

The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, using the energy released by movement of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   active transport.
B)   an endergonic reaction coupled to an exergonic reaction.
C)   a reaction with a positive ΔG .
D)   osmosis.
E)   allosteric regulation.

Exam 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

The transport of pyruvate into mitochondria depends on the proton-motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane. How does pyruvate enter the mitochondrion?

Correct Answer
verified

Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?

Correct Answer
verified

A mutation in yeast makes it unable to convert pyruvate to ethanol. How will this mutation affect these yeast cells?

Correct Answer
verified

In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate

Correct Answer
verified

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is

Correct Answer
verified

Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O₂) is present or absent?

Correct Answer
verified

It is possible to prepare vesicles from portions of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Which one of the following processes could still be carried on by this isolated inner membrane?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following normally occurs regardless of whether or not oxygen (O₂) is present?

Correct Answer
verified

Brown fat cells produce a protein called thermogenin in their mitochondrial inner membrane. Thermogenin is a channel for facilitated transport of protons across the membrane. What will occur in the brown fat cells when they produce thermogenin?

Correct Answer
verified

Figure 9.1 illustrates some of the steps (reactions) of glycolysis in their proper sequence. Each step is lettered. Use these letters to answer the questions. Figure 9.1 -In which step in Figure 9.1 is an inorganic phosphate added to the reactant?

Correct Answer
verified

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?

Correct Answer
verified

Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis?

Correct Answer
verified

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

If a cell is able to synthesize 30 ATP molecules for each molecule of glucose completely oxidized by carbon dioxide and water, how many ATP molecules can the cell synthesize for each molecule of pyruvate oxidized to carbon dioxide and water?

Correct Answer
verified

When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs?

Correct Answer
verified

One function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation is to

Correct Answer
verified

The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, using the energy released by movement of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Figure 9.3 -What happens at the end of the chain in Figure 9.3?

Correct Answer
verified

Figure 9.2 The citric acid cycle. -Starting with one molecule of isocitrate and ending with fumarate, how many ATP molecules can be made through substrate-level phosphorylation (see Figure 9.2) ?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

The transport of pyruvate into mitochondria depends on the proton-motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane. How does pyruvate enter the mitochondrion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A mutation in yeast makes it unable to convert pyruvate to ethanol. How will this mutation affect these yeast cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O₂) is present or absent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is possible to prepare vesicles from portions of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Which one of the following processes could still be carried on by this isolated inner membrane?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following normally occurs regardless of whether or not oxygen (O₂) is present?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Brown fat cells produce a protein called thermogenin in their mitochondrial inner membrane. Thermogenin is a channel for facilitated transport of protons across the membrane. What will occur in the brown fat cells when they produce thermogenin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure 9.1 illustrates some of the steps (reactions) of glycolysis in their proper sequence. Each step is lettered. Use these letters to answer the questions. Figure 9.1 -In which step in Figure 9.1 is an inorganic phosphate added to the reactant?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a cell is able to synthesize 30 ATP molecules for each molecule of glucose completely oxidized by carbon dioxide and water, how many ATP molecules can the cell synthesize for each molecule of pyruvate oxidized to carbon dioxide and water?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, using the energy released by movement of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure 9.3 -What happens at the end of the chain in Figure 9.3?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure 9.2 The citric acid cycle. -Starting with one molecule of isocitrate and ending with fumarate, how many ATP molecules can be made through substrate-level phosphorylation (see Figure 9.2) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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