Question 1

Changes in girls' performance on standardized tests of mathematics have been attributed to changes in

Accepted Answer

A)   girls' biochemistry.
B)   nutrition.
C)   the average intelligence of girls.
D)   efforts made by schools.

Question 2

The concepts of tuition, observational learning, and enactive experience are central to _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)   Kohlberg's
B)   gender schema
C)   social identity
D)   social cognitive

Question 3

Mental representations incorporating everything children know about gender are referred to as gender

Accepted Answer

A)   identities.
B)   systems.
C)   socializations.
D)   schemas.

Question 4

A recent survey of more than 10,000 U.S. adolescents found that approximately _____ of boys and _____ of girls were dissatisfied with their body.

Accepted Answer

A)   one-tenth; half
B)   one-quarter; one-third
C)   one-third; half
D)   half; two-thirds

Question 5

For some adolescents, advances in cognitive development enable them to experience

Accepted Answer

A)   greater gender-role flexibility.
B)   gender-role intensification.
C)   a stronger interest filter.
D)   more clearly delineated gender schemas.

Question 6

Which finding provides the clearest evidence for the hypothesis that watching TV causes stereotyping?

Accepted Answer

A)   Children in a town that had no access to TV showed an increase in stereotypical views following the introduction of TV.
B)   Boys hold more stereotypical views than do girls.
C)   Older children, who watch more TV than younger children, hold more stereotypical views than younger children do.
D)   Children who watch more cartoons hold more stereotypical views than do children who watch fewer cartoons.

Question 7

The initial evaluation of information as relevant to one's gender is called

Accepted Answer

A)   self-socialization.
B)   gender schema filter.
C)   interest filter.
D)   gender typing.

Question 8

Kohlberg's theory of gender-role development proposes that which factor is the basis for the development of gender knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)   children's intrinsic motivation to learn about gender
B)   general cognitive development
C)   parents' explicit instruction
D)   peer socialization

Question 9

Research conducted by Hyde and colleagues has pointed out that there

Accepted Answer

A)   is no binary between having a female brain or a male brain.
B)   are minimal effect size in brain differences between males and females.
C)   is a binary difference between the brains of males and females.
D)   is a clear brain difference between males and females.

Question 10

Which condition is associated with impeding the formation of male external genitalia, which can result in a biological male child being born with female external genitalia?

Accepted Answer

A)   ADD
B)   congenital adrenal hyperplasia
C)   epilepsy
D)   androgen insensitivity syndrome

Question 11

According to social cognitive theory, learning does NOT occur through

Accepted Answer

A)   age-related brain development.
B)   direct teaching.
C)   experiencing the reactions one's behavior evokes in others.
D)   modeling.

Question 12

Which statement is NOT true regarding explanations that have been provided for gender differences in interpersonal goals and communication?

Accepted Answer

A)   Girls and boys may use different language styles to attain achieve the goals they have for social relationships.
B)   Fathers are more likely to use affiliative speech with their children.
C)   Gender differences in communication are more likely to be found in examinations of same-gender interactions rather than mixed-gender interactions.
D)   Cross-cultural comparisons find gender differences in social behavior.

Question 13

_____ refers to individuals who are highly cross-gender-typed in relation to their assigned gender.

Accepted Answer

A)   Gender nonconforming
B)   Transgender
C)   Genderqueer
D)   Gender-fluid

Question 14

Effect size refers to the _____ of similarity and difference.

Accepted Answer

A)   relative importance
B)   cultural value placed on the degree
C)   reliability and validity
D)   magnitude

Question 15

Which child has established gender identity but has NOT developed gender stability?

Accepted Answer

A)   Darrell asks his father, "Am I a girl?"
B)   Kimmy tells her grandfather, "Even though I like to wear pants and play with trucks, I am still a girl."
C)   Carolyn tells her new teacher, "Hi. My name is Carolyn. I'm a girl. When I grow up, I'd like to be a daddy."
D)   Sam, an infant, is more strongly attached to his father than to his mother.

Question 16

Which statement about differences between girls' and boys' intellectual capabilities is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are completely due to biological differences between boys and girls.
B)   They are very small in magnitude.
C)   There are more differences than similarities.
D)   They are completely due to societal gender norms.

Question 17

The gender assigned to a person at birth is consistent with their

Accepted Answer

A)   external genitalia.
B)   gender identity.
C)   parents preferred gender.
D)   gender stereotypes.

Question 18

The gap in the sports-related skills of boys and girls becomes substantial when they are in

Accepted Answer

A)   toddlerhood.
B)   early childhood.
C)   middle childhood.
D)   early adolescence.

Question 19

"Nonbinary" is another term for

Accepted Answer

A)   cisgender.
B)   transgender.
C)   genderqueer.
D)   gender-fluid.

Question 20

Ingroup assimilation refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)   process whereby individuals are forced to conform to the group's norms.
B)   process whereby individuals are socialized to conform to the group's norms.
C)   tendency to evaluate what is associated with the ingroup as inferior to that which is associated with the outgroup.
D)   tendency to evaluate what is associated with the ingroup as superior to that which is associated with the outgroup.

Exam 15: Gender Development

According to social cognitive theory, learning does NOT occur through

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Research conducted by Hyde and colleagues has pointed out that there

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Effect size refers to the _____ of similarity and difference.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which finding provides the clearest evidence for the hypothesis that watching TV causes stereotyping?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The initial evaluation of information as relevant to one's gender is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For some adolescents, advances in cognitive development enable them to experience

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kohlberg's theory of gender-role development proposes that which factor is the basis for the development of gender knowledge?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which condition is associated with impeding the formation of male external genitalia, which can result in a biological male child being born with female external genitalia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ refers to individuals who are highly cross-gender-typed in relation to their assigned gender.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The gap in the sports-related skills of boys and girls becomes substantial when they are in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Changes in girls' performance on standardized tests of mathematics have been attributed to changes in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which child has established gender identity but has NOT developed gender stability?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The gender assigned to a person at birth is consistent with their

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A recent survey of more than 10,000 U.S. adolescents found that approximately _____ of boys and _____ of girls were dissatisfied with their body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Nonbinary" is another term for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement about differences between girls' and boys' intellectual capabilities is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The concepts of tuition, observational learning, and enactive experience are central to _____ theory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mental representations incorporating everything children know about gender are referred to as gender

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ingroup assimilation refers to the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true regarding explanations that have been provided for gender differences in interpersonal goals and communication?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A recent survey of more than 10,000 U.S. adolescents found that approximately _ of boys and _ of girls were dissatisfied with their body.

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