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Exam 6: Early Childhood: Psychosocial Development

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Question 81

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When a person turns distress inward, that person has _____ problems.

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Question 82

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List and describe the three parenting styles described by Baumrind.

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Baumrind identified the following styles...

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Question 83

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Child neglect is _____ times more common than overt abuse.

In a study conducted by Zahn-Waxler, et al., 5-year- old girls acted out a disagreement between two female dolls. The researchers discovered that girls who _____ were more apt to be disruptive at age 9 than other girls.

Compared to parents in the United States, ______ as many Canadian parents use slapping, pinching, or smacking as a form of punishment.

Who was the most influential researcher on parenting styles? When and how did this researcher conduct research? Explain the limitations of this research.

Four-year-old Amelia wants to play with her brother Garth's trucks. Garth is six, and he tells her she can't play with them because she's a girl. Garth's refusal is based on his:

When would a time-out be the most effective discipline strategy?

It is the child's intent that defines hurtful behavior as

Girls usually develop emotional regulation _____ boys.

Child ____ occurs when a parent fails to fulfill a child's basic needs.

Having been spanked as a child is the primary predictor of violent behavior in adulthood.

_____ are marked by excessive guilt, withdrawal, or fearfulness.

Do maltreated children always become abusive adults?

Andrew spends hours practicing tying his shoes. He often practices alone with the goal of tying them well since he is extrinsically motivated.

Define child maltreatment and discuss the discrepancies between reported and substantiated child maltreatment.

Which is an example of reactive aggression?

Erikson called the psychosocial developmental stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years of age:

Young children typically have low self-esteem since they compare their abilities with peers who are more competent.

Since Brittany will set the dinner table only if she can have a treat after dinner, her willingness to help is extrinsically motivated.