Exam 12: Antimicrobial Treatment

A) do not cause many human infections
B) are not affected by antimicrobials
C) are so similar to human cells that drug selective toxicity is difficult to achieve
D) are parasites found inside human cells
E) have fewer target sites in their cells compared to bacteria

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A) they cause hepato- and nephrotoxicity in humans
B) they initiate allergic reactions in many humans
C) they inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan, which humans do not make
D) they often initiate the evolution of drug-resistant organisms

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A) Chloroquine
B) Quinolone
C) Penicillin
D) Azidothymidine
E) Acyclovir

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A) bacterial genomes undergo mutation rapidly
B) bacterial genomes undergo mutation often
C) short generation times accumulate mutations in populations
D) mutations are passed between organisms
E) All of the choices are correct.

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A) eukaryotic large ribosomal subunit
B) eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit
C) ribosomal RNA
D) eukaryotic mitochondrial ribosomes

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A) The bacterium becomes immune to the drug; the drug no longer kills or inhibits the bacterium.
B) The person becomes resistant to the drug; the body adjusts to the dosage of the chemical and no longer responds to its action.
C) The drug is changed in the body and is inactivated physically and chemically so it no longer works properly against the bacterium.
D) The bacterium has changed physically or chemically in some way to be able to destroy the drug or avoid its action, allowing it to grow unimpeded by the drug.

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A) cause damage to host tissues
B) target microbial sites that are not present in humans, e.g., the bacterial cell wall
C) target structures present in both microbes and humans, thus causing host tissue damage
D) cause allergic reactions in humans

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A) penicillin G
B) vancomycin
C) aminoglycosides
D) synercid
E) isoniazid

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A) a drug being pumped out of the cell
B) a drug being used as a nutrient by the cell
C) a drug binding site being altered
D) a drug being inactivated
E) a drug being blocked from entering the cell

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A) prebiotics
B) probiotics
C) lantibiotics
D) phytobiotics
E) riboswitches

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A) transposons
B) R-plasmids
C) conjugation
D) mutation

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A) nystatin
B) griseofulvin
C) amphotericin B
D) sulfa drugs
E) metronidazole

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A) the drug is toxic to the human host but ineffective against the organism
B) the drug kills some organisms but not others
C) the drug is effective against gram-positive bacteria but not gram-negative
D) the drug is effective against the target organism, but not the human host

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A) AZT
B) Acyclovir
C) Nevirapine
D) Fuzeon
E) Amantidine

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A) nucleic acid biosynthesis
B) ribosome biosynthesis
C) peptidoglycan biosynthesis
D) folic acid biosynthesis

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A) the patient's response to various antimicrobials
B) the pathogen's response to various antimicrobials
C) if normal biota will be affected by antimicrobials
D) if the drug is increasing to toxic levels in a patient

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A) blocks penetration
B) blocks transcription and translation
C) inhibits DNA synthesis
D) blocks maturation
E) bonds to ergosterol in the cell membrane

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