Question 1

If identical twins reared together are more alike on a characteristic than identical twins reared apart,what can you infer regarding the relative roles of heredity and environment in determining that characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A)   Heredity plays a role.
B)   Environment plays a role.
C)   Heredity plays no role.
D)   Environment plays no role.

Question 2

We typically associate genetic mutations with maladaptive outcomes,but evolutionary theorists believe some of these mutations may actually be beneficial.Provide an example that supports the evolutionary position.

Accepted Answer

The answer of We typically associate genetic mutations with maladaptive...

Question 3

What is the term for a person who carries two dominant or two recessive genes for a particular trait?

Accepted Answer

A)   heterozygous
B)   homozygous
C)   codominant
D)   corecessive B

Question 4

Suppose that you and your partner are both carriers for a genetic defect that causes a fatal metabolic disorder.Which prenatal testing procedure would give the earliest and most informative results regarding the health of your unborn child?

Accepted Answer

A)   chorionic villus sampling
B)   amniocentesis
C)   ultrasound
D)   germline gene analysis

Question 5

Describe the difference between the terms genotype and phenotype,and provide a single example that illustrates both concepts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the difference between the terms genotype...

Question 6

In comparison to ethologists,what is the best characterization of the position of behavioural geneticists?

Accepted Answer

A)   Like ethologists, behavioural geneticists emphasize the biological basis for what makes individuals similar.
B)   Unlike ethologists, behavioural geneticists focus on the contribution of heredity and minimize the role of environment.
C)   Like ethologists, behavioural geneticists emphasize the biological basis for variation among individuals.
D)   Unlike ethologists, behavioural geneticists emphasize the biological basis for variation among individuals.

Question 7

What do behavioural geneticists study?

Accepted Answer

A)   genetic influences on behaviour
B)   environmental influences on behaviour
C)   biological influences on behaviour
D)   genetic and environmental influences on behaviour

Question 8

What is the term for the notion that genotype sets limits on the possible phenotypes that an individual might display in response to different environments?

Accepted Answer

A)   canalization
B)   range of reaction
C)   gene-environment correlation
D)   heritability coefficient B

Question 9

Given that you know the heritability coefficient for a specific trait or characteristic,what can you conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)   whether or not it is inherited
B)   what percentage of it is inherited for a particular individual
C)   what percentage of its variability in the population is attributable to hereditary factors
D)   whether the individuals assessed for it are genetically related or unrelated

Question 10

Some women display recessive sex-linked traits such as colour blindness.When this occurs,what can you infer about the genotype and phenotype for each of the parents?

Accepted Answer

Color blindness is often used as an exam...

Question 11

What did both Waddington and Gottesman emphasize as being important to the interaction of heredity and environment in development?

Accepted Answer

A)   Heredity sets limits on the extent environment can influence outcomes.
B)   The influence of environmental factors decreases over time.
C)   An individual's intelligence and personality are determined during infancy and the preschool years.
D)   The influence of genes is most important in early childhood.

Question 12

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that illustrates how the expression of an individual's genetic code can be influenced by environmental conditions.What have researchers found regarding the treatment of Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)   Early mortality from Down syndrome can be reduced if children with the disorder are placed on a special diet right from birth.
B)   The physical characteristics typically associated with the disorder can be reduced through early intervention.
C)   The disorder can be successfully treated during the prenatal period with genetic engineering technology.
D)   The cognitive impairment typically associated with the disorder can be reduced through early intervention.

Question 13

Suppose that the similarity between pairs of individuals increases for a trait the closer the individuals are in kinship.What can you conclude regarding the relative influence of heredity and environment on the trait?

Accepted Answer

A)   Heredity has a greater influence than does the environment.
B)   Environment has a greater influence than does heredity.
C)   Heredity and environment have an equivalent influence.
D)   Heredity is the only influence

Question 14

Why are selective breeding studies not conducted with humans?

Accepted Answer

A)   It would be unethical to do so.
B)   Evidence would be inconclusive due to polygenic inheritance.
C)   Family kinship studies yield more precise data.
D)   It is simpler and more informative to use information derived from family pedigrees.

Question 15

Which disorder is attributable to a chromosomal abnormality?

Accepted Answer

A)   muscular dystrophy
B)   diabetes
C)   cystic fibrosis
D)   Down syndrome

Question 16

According to Scarr and McCartney,when are passive genotype/environment correlations most important?

Accepted Answer

A)   during adolescence
B)   during middle childhood
C)   during infancy and early childhood
D)   during the prenatal period

Question 17

What is germline gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a treatment currently being used with cystic fibrosis patients to attempt to override the effects of the cystic fibrosis genes.
B)   It is an experimental treatment for chromosomal abnormalities that is seldom successful.
C)   It is a highly controversial treatment and not used because of the ethical concerns.
D)   It is a treatment for genetic disorders that has been in widespread use since the early 1970s.

Question 18

What is meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   the process of cell division that occurs when portions of the chromosome pair are exchanged before the final cell division occurs
B)   the process of cell division that produces the gametes
C)   the process of cell division that occurs in males
D)   the process of cell division that produces normative growth and development

Question 19

Kyrin has several relatives who are alcoholics,who are clinically depressed,or who suffer from schizophrenia.Kyrin has decided to have a vasectomy so that he will never father any children.He explains that his children would surely have a mental illness.Is Kyrin right?

Accepted Answer

A)   He is wrong, because none of these disorders show any degree of heritability.
B)   He is overreacting, because the odds are low that his children will have a disorder.
C)   He is correct, because the chances are extremely high that his children will develop one or more disorders.
D)   He is overreacting, because if he doesn't have any of these disorders, his children would have no risk of developing them either. B

Question 20

Suppose that a researcher finds that pairs of identical twins are no more similar on a trait than are pairs of fraternal twins.What can you conclude regarding the contribution of biological and environmental influences to the development of that trait?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a product of nonshared environmental influences.
B)   It is a result of evocative gene influences.
C)   Its heritability coefficent is high.
D)   Its heritability coefficient is low.

Exam 3: Hereditary Influences on Development

If identical twins reared together are more alike on a characteristic than identical twins reared apart,what can you infer regarding the relative roles of heredity and environment in determining that characteristic?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We typically associate genetic mutations with maladaptive outcomes,but evolutionary theorists believe some of these mutations may actually be beneficial.Provide an example that supports the evolutionary position.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the term for a person who carries two dominant or two recessive genes for a particular trait?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Suppose that you and your partner are both carriers for a genetic defect that causes a fatal metabolic disorder.Which prenatal testing procedure would give the earliest and most informative results regarding the health of your unborn child?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the difference between the terms genotype and phenotype,and provide a single example that illustrates both concepts.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In comparison to ethologists,what is the best characterization of the position of behavioural geneticists?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do behavioural geneticists study?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the term for the notion that genotype sets limits on the possible phenotypes that an individual might display in response to different environments?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Given that you know the heritability coefficient for a specific trait or characteristic,what can you conclude?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some women display recessive sex-linked traits such as colour blindness.When this occurs,what can you infer about the genotype and phenotype for each of the parents?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIColor blindness is often used as an exam...View AnswerShow Answer

What did both Waddington and Gottesman emphasize as being important to the interaction of heredity and environment in development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that illustrates how the expression of an individual's genetic code can be influenced by environmental conditions.What have researchers found regarding the treatment of Down syndrome?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose that the similarity between pairs of individuals increases for a trait the closer the individuals are in kinship.What can you conclude regarding the relative influence of heredity and environment on the trait?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are selective breeding studies not conducted with humans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which disorder is attributable to a chromosomal abnormality?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Scarr and McCartney,when are passive genotype/environment correlations most important?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is germline gene therapy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is meiosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kyrin has several relatives who are alcoholics,who are clinically depressed,or who suffer from schizophrenia.Kyrin has decided to have a vasectomy so that he will never father any children.He explains that his children would surely have a mental illness.Is Kyrin right?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Suppose that a researcher finds that pairs of identical twins are no more similar on a trait than are pairs of fraternal twins.What can you conclude regarding the contribution of biological and environmental influences to the development of that trait?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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B

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Answered by ExamLex AI
Color blindness is often used as an exam...
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B

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