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Exam 1: Introduction to Statistics

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Question 31

Multiple Choice

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A psychology student wishes to investigate differences in political opinions between business majors and political science majors at her college. She randomly selects 100 students from the 260 business majors and 100 students from the 180 political science majors. Does this Sampling plan result in a random sample? Simple random sample? Explain.

A) Yes; yes. The sample is random because all students have the same chance of being selected. It is a simple random sample because all samples of size 200 have the same
Chance of being selected.
B) No; yes. The sample is not random because political science majors have a greater chance of being selected than business majors. It is a simple random sample because
All samples of size 200 have the same chance of being selected.
C) No; no. The sample is not random because political science majors have a greater chance of being selected than business majors. It is not a simple random sample
Because some samples are not possible, such as a sample consisting of 50 business
Majors and 150 political science majors.
D) Yes; no. The sample is random because all students have the same chance of being selected. It is not a simple random sample because some samples are not possible,
Such as a sample consisting of 50 business majors and 150 political science majors.

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Question 32

Multiple Choice

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Determine whether the given description corresponds to an observational study or an experiment. A political pollster reports that his candidate has a 10% lead in the polls with 10% undecided.

A) Experiment
B) Observational study

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Question 33

Multiple Choice

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Determine whether the given value is from a discrete or continuous data set. The time it takes a computer to complete a task.

Which of the following is an inappropriate way to deal with missing data?

Determine which of the four levels of measurement is most appropriate. Students' grades of A, B, or C, on a test.

Determine whether the given description corresponds to an observational study or an experiment. A doctor gives a new medication to half of his patients with the flu and a placebo To the other half of his patients with the flu.

Identify which type of sampling is used. To avoid working late, a quality control analyst simply inspects the first 100 items produced in a day.

The table shows the weights (in pounds)and monthly incomes (in dollars)of nine randomly selected women between the ages of 18 and 65. $\begin{array} { r | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c } \text { Weight (Ib) } & 113 & 132 & 155 & 122 & 166 & 140 & 118 & 129 & 185 \\\hline \begin{array} { r } \text { Monthly Income } \\\text { (dollars) }\end{array} & 1420 & 3650 & 5475 & 2310 & 4710 & 2910 & 1720 & 2460 & 4115\end{array}$ If we use statistical methods to conclude that there is a correlation (or relationship or association)between the weights of women and their monthly incomes, can we conclude that by increasing her weight a woman can increase her monthly income?

An education expert is researching teaching methods and wishes to interview teachers from a particular school district. She randomly selects ten schools from the district and interviews All of the teachers at the selected schools. Does this sampling plan result in a random sample? Simple random sample? Explain.

Identify the sample and population. Also, determine whether the sample is likely to be_ representative of the population. A study is interested in whether men and women are equally likely to vote Democratic, Republican or Independent or not vote in a presidential election. Results were polled through a popular news website.

Determine whether the given description corresponds to an experiment or an observational_ study. A stock analyst selects a stock from a group of twenty for investment by choosing the Stock with the greatest earnings per share reported for the last quarter.

Would an observational study or an experiment be more appropriate to investigate the effects on fertilizer on plant growth? Explain.

Explain why using self-reported data instead of measured data is a potential pitfall in data collection. Be sure to include an example.

Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter. After taking the first exam, 15 of the students dropped the class.

Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter. Thirty percent of all dog owners poop scoop after their dog.

Given the data in the table, what issue can be addressed by conducting a statistical analysis of_ the values? $\begin{array}{l}\text { Amounts of Saturated Fat (in grams) in Two-Once Regular and Low-Fat Muffins }\\\begin{array} { l | l l l l l l } \text { Regular } & 4.5 & 3.5 & 3.7 & 5.2 & 4.9 & 3.9 \\\hline \text { Low-Fat } & 1.2 & 2.1 & 2.2 & 1.8 & 1.6 & 2.2\end{array}\end{array}$

Use critical thinking to develop an alternative conclusion. A study shows that the number of reported sexually transmitted diseases was significantly higher for high schools that offered courses in sex education than for high schools that did not. Conclusion: The introduction of sex education courses at the high school level has resulted in increased promiscuity among teens.

Identify the type of study used. A town obtains current employment data by polling 10,000 of its citizens this month.

The similarity between an ordinal level of measurement and an interval level of measurement is that _______________.