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Exam 21: Gene Expression: Transcription

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Question 21

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Insect growth and metamorphosis is controlled by the steroid hormones ecdysone and juvenile hormone (JH). In insects like butterflies and moths with a distinct larval (juvenile) and adult stage, the relative amount of JH determines whether the insect molts to the next juvenile stage or switches to become an adult. Can you think of a way to use this hormonal system to control caterpillar agricultural pests?

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The best approach would be to somehow su...

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Question 22

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Interference RNA technology is one of the most exciting new developments in genetics in recent years. In April 2004, Cancer Research UK and the Netherlands Cancer Institute announced creation of a 24,000-molecule iRNA library, designed to inactivate about 8,000 human genes. One hope for this library is its application in combating cancer. How might iRNA be implemented in cancer treatment?

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Cancers for which the genetic basis is u...

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Question 23

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When a promoter element is bound by a positive regulatory protein, the result is

Unlike prokaryotes, much gene regulation in eukaryotes

Heterochromatin is associated with

Explain how combinatorial gene regulation permits regulation of a large diversity of genes with relatively few regulatory proteins.

The protein cofactor ubiquitin is involved in

Evolutionary biologists suspect that genetic imprinting evolved through parent-offspring conflict. What kinds of "conflict of interest" in progeny development can you imagine between mammalian parents?

Imprinting is thought to be implicated in Prader-Willi and Angelman's syndromes.

What are some advantages and disadvantages of arranging gene clusters into operons?

mRNAs synthesized in oocytes that are destined for storage and later translation have ________ poly(A) tails.

Gene silencing is a form of regulation controlled by repressor proteins.

In genetic imprinting, expression depends on the parent of origin of a given allele. How might imprinting affect the expression of a hypothetical autosomal disease that expresses in dominant fashion and recessive fashion, and how might imprinting be detected?

What is the essential difference between the growth and reproductive strategies of prokaryotes and multicellular eukaryotes that help us understand why the latter have far more sophisticated regulatory mechanisms?

Change in the DNA-histone complex that increases transcriptional activity is termed

In eukaryotic cells, receptors for steroid hormones are found in the

Explain how the 3' untranslated AU-rich sequence element (ARE) can control poly(A) tail length (and thus mRNA translatability) in opposite ways.

Recombinases mediate transcript processing from pre-mRNA to mature mRNA.

Which of the following secondary structures may be a DNA-binding domain?

Some genes that are expressed in the fetal stage are never expressed again in that individual's life. What do you think is the most common mechanism for affecting this, preventing the expression of such genes?