Exam 29: Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

A) prostaglandins.
B) histamine.
C) kinins.
D) lysozymes.
E) leukotrienes.

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A) production of interferon.
B) phagocytosis.
C) inflammation.
D) activation of complement.
E) production of antibody.

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A) produce toxic oxygen products.
B) engulf microorganisms and other foreign material.
C) undergo chemotaxis.
D) migrate.
E) attach to microorganisms and other foreign material.

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A) M protein.
B) leukocidins.
C) formation of phagolysosomes.
D) capsules.
E) biofilms.

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C

A) lysis of bacterial cells.
B) inhibition of cell wall synthesis.
C) pore formation in bacterial membranes.
D) inhibition of phagocytosis.
E) destruction of nucleic acids.

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A) provides increased susceptibility to disease.
B) involves T cells and B cells.
C) is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens.
D) is nonspecific and present at birth.
E) involves a memory component.

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A) increased diapedesis of phagocytes
B) increased margination of phagocytes
C) increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms
D) cytolysis
E) inflammation

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A) is excreted in urine.
B) is transported into macrophages.
C) goes into lymph capillaries.
D) returns to the blood.
E) is lost as perspiration.

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A) redness.
B) pain.
C) fever.
D) vasodilation.
E) swelling.

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A) C5-C9.
B) lipid-carbohydrate complexes and C3.
C) antigen-antibody reactions.
D) factors released from damaged tissues.
E) factors released from phagocytes.

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A) Alpha interferon acts against specific viruses.
B) Beta interferon attacks invading viruses.
C) Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages.
D) All three types of interferons have the same effect on the body.
E) Alpha interferon promotes phagocytosis.

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C

A) saliva.
B) tears.
C) multiple layers of cells.
D) HCl.
E) the ʺciliary escalator.ʺ

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D

A) lymphocytes
B) eosinophils
C) neutrophils
D) monocytes
E) basophils

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A) increased blood vessel permeability.
B) opsonization.
C) interference with viral replication.
D) bacterial cell lysis.
E) increased phagocytic activity.

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A) they initiate transcription.
B) they are effective for long periods.
C) they bind to the surface of uninfected cells.
D) they initiate manufacture of antiviral proteins.
E) they disrupt stages of viral multiplication.

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