A) shortages of fresh water require the use of salt water for irrigation
B) many of the plants grown in these regions excrete salts into the soil
C) salts are deposited on the soil surface as water evaporates
D) the irrigation water washes away soil leaving behind concentrated salts
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A) Both countries are increasing in cropland acreage to support their growing populations and to maintain a growing export industry.
B) The amount of land in crop production is decreasing in both countries despite the fact that both countries are increasing in population.
C) China's population boom has resulted in a recent increase in cropland acreage, while cropland acreage in the United States has stabilized.
D) The amount of land in crop production has stabilized in both countries despite the fact that both countries are increasing in population.
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A) growing cover crops
B) deforestation
C) overgrazing
D) plowing and tilling
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A) Africa
B) Australia
C) North America
D) Europe
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A) the formation of dryland ecosystems in regions where temperatures have increased
B) often the result of overgrazing and drought
C) the natural movement of deserts advancing into new regions due to shifts in wind direction
D) a natural process of succession that cycles from deserts to prairies to forests to deserts
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A) Increased reliance on public transportation
B) Narrower highways
C) Increased commuting distances
D) Increased population densities
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A) 45%
B) 35%
C) 51%
D) 81%
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A) grow soybeans and other crops that can be used for biofuels
B) grow cattle feed instead of commercial crops
C) grow native crops such as corn and beans
D) stop cultivating cropland along streams
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D
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A) Large cities annexed nearby towns so they could grow and provide places for their residents without those residents having to move to the suburbs or rural areas.
B) Having grown weary of high crime rates and urban squalor, a mass migration of city dwellers into rural areas occurred in the years following World War II and the Korean War.
C) A large migration into the inner cities occurred after World War II as the economy recovered from the Depression and people were more able to live in areas close to where they worked.
D) A large migration from inner cities to suburbs occurred in the latter half of the 20th century, as people were attracted to new lower-density housing.
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A) Buying an acre of prairie near your suburban home, tilling the land, and planting a large vegetable garden
B) Tilling up an acre of your lawn and planting a large vegetable garden
C) Cutting down an acre of forest on your property, tilling the land, and planting a large vegetable garden
D) Clearing an acre of tropical rain forest to create pastureland for your cattle and oxen
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A) Erosion
B) Salinization
C) Desertification
D) Leachate
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A) the need for fuel wood
B) the need for urban development and the expansion of cities
C) the need for agricultural expansion
D) the need for wood products
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A) Compared to the Dominican Republic, Haiti's citizens have better access to imported foods.
B) Before the deforestation occurred, Haiti already had far fewer forested areas than the Dominican Republic.
C) Citizens of both Haiti and the Dominican Republic rely heavily on subsistence farming in mountainous areas.
D) Compared to Haiti, the Dominican Republic has stronger laws preventing its citizens from deforesting their country.
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D
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A) herbivorous animals like cattle and chicken
B) carnivorous animals like fish and alligator
C) soylent green
D) plant-based foods
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A) cattle outcompeting natural herbivores
B) spreading nonnative species
C) promoting erosion and loss of rooted plant cover
D) contaminating streams with cattle wastes
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There has been a recent increase in the ...View Answer
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A) India
B) Brazil
C) China
D) United States
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A) are raised on feedlots
B) can feed more people than pigs
C) take time to grow and have a low energy conversion efficiency
D) are the best source of high-quality protein
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A) growing at about the same rate as the rural populations
B) shrinking in developing nations
C) growing at a faster rate than the global population as a whole
D) shrinking compared to rural populations
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The rapid urbanization occurring across the globe brings with it potential environmental benefits as well as potential negative impacts. People living in cities are at much higher densities than those living in suburbs and rural areas, so the physical amount of living space needed per person is smaller. Therefore, their personal impact is less spread across the landscape, thus decreasing the need for conversion of natural ecosystems and cropland to living space. People in cities tend to have smaller homes than people elsewhere and thus use less energy in their homes, and they also tend to drive less. The use of less energy slows global climate change and allows us to extend our energy resources further into the future. With less living space per person and lower per-capita energy use, an urban lifestyle can be more sustainable. However, large concentrations of humans create problems with large quantities of wastewater and solid waste, and proper treatment of sewage and proper disposal of large amounts of garbage can be problems. Large urban areas tend to have air quality issues (e.g., surface ozone and smog), so human health can suffer in large cities.
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