Exam 20: Urinary and Reproductive System Infections

A) the urinary microbiome.
B) the slightly acidic pH of urine.
C) constriction of the urethra by the prostate gland in men and the placement of the urethra near the anus in women.
D) the flushing action of urine through the ureters and urethra.
E) constriction of the urethra by the prostate gland in men.

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A) Normal microbiome members generate products which prevent pathogen growth.
B) The vaginal lining contains ciliate cells which trap and expel bacteria from the tract.
C) The vaginal lining sheds its cells every few hours.
D) Lysozyme and antimicrobial peptides are present in vaginal secretions.
E) Mucous secretions trap microbes.

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A) recur after initial treatment.
B) involve a bacterial infection.
C) be diagnosed in women rather than men.
D) respond to antibiotic therapy.
E) be diagnosed in otherwise healthy individuals.

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A) transmission through sexual contact and the ability to cause intrauterine infections.
B) the ability to cause intrauterine infections which are linked to infertility.
C) the ability to cross the placenta to infect a developing fetus.
D) transmission through sexual contact, the ability to cause intrauterine infections which are linked to infertility, and the ability to cross the placenta to infect a developing fetus.
E) transmission through sexual contact.

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A) pelvic pain with fever in women.
B) pelvic inflammatory disease in women.
C) neonatal conjunctivitis.
D) severe neurological disorders such as seizures, vertigo, memory and sensory impairment, and paralysis.
E) urethritis in males.

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A) lymphogranuloma venereum may result in the formation of buboes and tissues necrosis.
B) lymphogranuloma venereum bacteria do not have an intracellular lifestyle.
C) lymphogranuloma venereum is not sexually transmitted.
D) lymphogranuloma venereum is not treatable with antibiotics such as doxycycline.
E) lymphogranuloma venereum is not treatable with antibiotics such as doxycycline and is not sexually transmitted.

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A) painful lesions, disseminated body- wide rash, and high fever
B) painful lesions
C) disseminated body- wide rash
D) painful lesions and disseminated body- wide rash
E) high fever

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A) many asymptomatic infections.
B) the need for long- term antibiotic therapy to result in a cure.
C) dysbiosis of the microbiome.
D) non- motile pathogen that forms persistent biofilms.
E) structural morphogenesis linked to pathology.

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A) clue cells
B) a "cottage cheese" discharge
C) pus- filled lesions
D) clue cells and a "cottage cheese" discharge
E) pus- filled lesions and a "cottage cheese" discharge

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A) The two conditions are always mutually exclusive.
B) Vaginitis is always due to microbiome dysbiosis.
C) Vaginosis is not likely to be sexually transmitted.
D) Vaginitis describes vaginal inflammation while vaginosis does not.
E) The two conditions are always seen together.

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A) administration of antiviral drugs to the affected newborn and delivery by cesarean section
B) administration of antiviral drugs to the affected newborn
C) vaccination of pregnant women
D) delivery by cesarean section and vaccination of pregnant women
E) delivery by cesarean section

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A) The most consistently detected species are Lactobacillus and Streptococcus.
B) Most species can be cultivated using standard laboratory techniques.
C) Shifts in microbiome composition may be associated with physiological concerns such as incontinence.
D) The healthy urinary tract was believed to be sterile until molecular methods of analysis became available.
E) The species composition is consistent throughout the urinary system, across the lifespan or from person to person.

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A) conversion of nitrite to nitrate in the urine.
B) elevated levels of leukocyte esterase.
C) the presence of glucose in the urine.
D) direct detection of Gram- positive or Gram- negative bacteria.
E) elevated creatine and BUN levels.

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