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For a risk averse person,


A) the pleasure of winning $1,000 on a bet exceeds the pain of losing $1,000 on a bet.
B) the pain of losing $1,000 on a bet exceeds the pleasure of winning $1,000 on a bet.
C) the utility function exhibits the property of increasing marginal utility.
D) the utility function gets steeper as wealth increases.

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Which of the following is correct concerning a risk-averse person?


A) She would not play games where the probability of winning and losing a dollar are the same.
B) She might not buy health insurance if she thinks her risks are low.
C) Her marginal utility of wealth decreases as her income increases.
D) All of the above are correct.

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Al, Ralph, and Stan are all intending to retire. Each currently has $1 million in assets. Al will earn 16% interest and retire in two years. Ralph will earn 8% interest and retire in four years. Stan will earn 4% interest and retire in eight years. Who will have the largest sum when he retires?


A) Al
B) Ralph
C) Stan
D) They all retire with the same amount.

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Risk-averse individuals like good things more than they dislike comparable bad things.

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Which of the following actions best illustrates moral hazard?


A) A person adds risky stock to his portfolio.
B) A person who has narrowly avoided many accidents applies for automobile insurance.
C) A person is unwilling to buy a stock when she believes its price has an equal chance of rising or falling $10.
D) A person purchases homeowners insurance and then checks his smoke detector batteries less frequently.

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Which of the following best illustrates diversification?


A) A company that produces many different products decides to produce fewer.
B) After selling stock, corporate management spends funds on projects with greater risks than shareholders had anticipated.
C) Instead of holding only the stocks of companies engaged in the banking business, a person decides to hold stock in a number of different companies producing different goods and services.
D) A person decides to purchase only stocks that have paid high dividends in the past.

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Will is risk averse and has $1,000 with which to make a financial investment. He has three options. Option A is a risk-free government bond that pays 5 percent interest each year for two years. Option B is a low-risk stock that analysts expect to be worth about $1,102.50 in two years. Option C is a high-risk stock that is expected to be worth about $1,200 in four years. Will should choose


A) option A.
B) option B.
C) option C.
D) either option A or option B because Will is indifferent between those two options and they are superior to option C.

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If you wish to rely on fundamental analysis to choose a portfolio of stocks, then you have no choice but to do all the necessary research yourself.

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Which of the following best illustrates moral hazard?


A) After a person obtains life insurance, she takes up skydiving.
B) A person obtains insurance knowing he is in poor health.
C) A person holds stock only in very risky corporations.
D) A person holds stocks from only a few corporations.

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Figure 27-4. The figure shows a utility function for Alex. Figure 27-4. The figure shows a utility function for Alex.   -Refer to Figure 27-4. From the appearance of Alex's utility function, we know that A) the pain that Alex would experience if he lost $500 of his wealth would exceed the pleasure that he would experience if he added $500 to his wealth. B) the pleasure that Alex would experience if he added $500 to his wealth would exceed the pain that he would experience if he lost $500 of his wealth. C) the property of increasing utility does not apply to Alex. D) the property of diminishing marginal utility does not apply to Alex. -Refer to Figure 27-4. From the appearance of Alex's utility function, we know that


A) the pain that Alex would experience if he lost $500 of his wealth would exceed the pleasure that he would experience if he added $500 to his wealth.
B) the pleasure that Alex would experience if he added $500 to his wealth would exceed the pain that he would experience if he lost $500 of his wealth.
C) the property of increasing utility does not apply to Alex.
D) the property of diminishing marginal utility does not apply to Alex.

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The efficient markets hypothesis implies


A) that all stocks are fairly valued all the time and that no stock is a better buy than any other.
B) that all stocks are fairly valued all the time, but that some stocks may be better buys than other.
C) that some stocks may be better buys than others and stock experts can determine which ones.
D) that no stock is efficiently valued.

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Other things the same, as the stocks of a greater number of corporations are held in a portfolio,


A) risk increases at an increasing rate.
B) risk increases at a decreasing rate.
C) risk decreases at an increasing rate.
D) risk decreases at a decreasing rate.

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As the number of stocks in a person's portfolio increases,


A) the risk of the portfolio increases, as indicated by the increasing value of the standard deviation of the portfolio.
B) the risk of the portfolio increases, as indicated by the decreasing value of the standard deviation of the portfolio.
C) the risk of the portfolio decreases, as indicated by the increasing value of the standard deviation of the portfolio.
D) the risk of the portfolio decreases, as indicated by the decreasing value of the standard deviation of the portfolio.

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Chloe talked to several stockbrokers and made the following conclusions. Which, if any, of Chloe's conclusions are correct?


A) It is relatively easy to reduce firm-specific risk by increasing the number of companies one holds stock in.
B) Stock prices, even if not exactly a random walk, are very close to it.
C) Some people have made a lot of money in the stock market by using insider information, but these cases are not contrary to the efficient markets hypothesis.
D) All of Chloe's conclusions are correct.

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La Rossa Pasta Company is considering expanding its factory. In which case would both the change in the cost and the change in the interest rate each make it less likely that La Rossa's would expand?


A) a decrease in the cost of expanding and a decrease in the interest rate.
B) a decrease in the cost of expanding and an increase in the interest rate.
C) an increase in the cost of expanding and a decrease in the interest rate.
D) an increase in the cost of expanding and an increase in the interest rate.

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If the efficient market hypothesis is correct, then


A) index funds should typically beat managed funds, and usually do.
B) index fund should typically beat managed funds, but usually do not.
C) mutual funds should typically beat index funds, and usually do.
D) mutual funds should typically beat index funds, but usually do not.

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The present value of a payment to be made in the future falls as


A) the interest rate rises and the time until the payment is made increases.
B) the interest rate rises and the time until the payment is made decreases.
C) the interest rate falls and the time until the payment is made increases.
D) the interest rate falls and the time until the payment is made decreases.

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Scenario 27-2 Suppose Dave has a utility function Scenario 27-2 Suppose Dave has a utility function   where W is his wealth in millions of dollars and U is the utility he obtains. -Refer to Scenario 27-2. Suppose Dave is faced with a choice between two options. With option A Dave receives a guaranteed $2 million. With option B Dave faces a lottery that pays $0 with probability 0.8 and pays $10 million with probability 0.2. Given Dave's utility function, will he prefer option A or option B? Provide evidence to support your answer. where W is his wealth in millions of dollars and U is the utility he obtains. -Refer to Scenario 27-2. Suppose Dave is faced with a choice between two options. With option A Dave receives a guaranteed $2 million. With option B Dave faces a lottery that pays $0 with probability 0.8 and pays $10 million with probability 0.2. Given Dave's utility function, will he prefer option A or option B? Provide evidence to support your answer.

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The utility Dave receives from...

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The concept of present value helps explain why the quantity of loanable funds demanded decreases when the interest rate increases.

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A person with diminishing marginal utility of wealth is risk averse.

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