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Exam 8: Solving Problems: Controlling Extraneous Variables

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Question 21

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Physical Variables Balancing is a control procedure that

A) distributes the effect of physical variables equally across the treatment conditions.
B) distributes the effect of the independent variable equally across all of the treatment conditions.
C) ensures that subjects in all conditions experience nearly identical physical variables.
D) removes potentially confounding physical variables from the testing situation.

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Question 22

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Social Variables Researchers implanted electrical devices into patients diagnosed with congestive heart failure.They randomly assigned patients to either an experimental condition (device turned on) or control condition (device turned off) for 6 months.Neither the subjects nor the supervising physicians knew their treatment condition until the study ended.Which design did these researchers use?

A) double-blind experiment
B) ex post facto study
C) pretest/posttest
D) single-blind experiment

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Question 23

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Social Variables In Orne and Scheibe's (1964) sensory deprivation experiment, the "Emergency Tray" and alarm button in the experimental condition were

Social Variables A swimming instructor, who was told his athletes had outstanding motor coordination and the potential to become excellent swimmers, coached them so well that they became excellent swimmers even though their motor skills were really about average.These results illustrate

Personality Variables Experimenters who have a ____ demeanor obtain the most natural subject behavior.

Social Variables Experimenters sometimes make errors in recording data that tend to favor the experimental hypothesis.This is an example of

Personality Variables Pat's relationship with his girlfriend during the 3 weeks he ran subjects resembled a very scary roller coaster ride.Their frequent fights and making up affected his performance in the lab.Some days he was angry and withdrawn while on others he was happy and outgoing.His inconsistent demeanor in both treatment conditions probably

Personality Variables ____ interviewers often obtain the best data and the most usable responses.

Physical Variables When Heather ran all the subjects in condition A on Thursday and those in condition B on Friday, she confounded her experiment with a ____ variable.

Social Variables In a double-blind experiment,

Personality Variables When you are the only experimenter, the best way to control the effect of your personality on subject performance is to

Personality Variables All of these describe experimenters who score high on the social desirability scale except

Physical Variables Which of these should be controlled using constancy of conditions instead of elimination?

Physical Variables When an extraneous variable systematically changes across treatments,

Physical Variables In ____, an experimenter controls physical variables by keeping all aspects of treatment conditions as nearly similar as possible.

Personality Variables McNemar's (1946) statement that "The existing science of human behavior is largely the science of the behavior of sophomores" challenged the ____ of academic research.

Social Variables Which of these are social variables?

Social Variables In animal studies, experimenters should not handle animals in treatment conditions differently than those in control conditions since this would be a form of

Social Variables Anna participates in a social psychological experiment in which she observes pairs of lights that are briefly turned on and off in a completely darkened room.Although the distance between each pair of lights in the Hex paradigm is always identical, the experimenter asks, "Is the first pair of lights farther apart or closer together than the second pair?" This question, which implies that Anna should perceive different spacing, illustrates the concept of a

Physical Variables Sometimes physical variables like ____ cannot be controlled through elimination.