Question 1

Ling, a 75-year-old grandmother, complained that her vision was becoming obscured. Upon examination by an ophthalmologist she was told she had cataracts. What are they, how do they occur, and how are they treated?

Accepted Answer

A cataract is a clouding of the lens that causes the world to appear distorted, as if looking through frosted glass. Some cataracts are congenital, but most are due to age-related hardening and thickening of the lens, or are a possible consequence of diabetes mellitus. The direct cause is probably inadequate delivery of nutrients to the deeper lens fibers. The metabolic changes that result are thought to promote unfolding of the lens proteins. Unprotected exposure to the UV rays of sunlight over time is also associated with cataract formation. The lens can be removed and replaced with an artificial lens.

Question 2

Precision of eye movement is due to the fact that extrinsic eye muscle motor units typically innervate 8 to 12 muscle cells and in some cases as few as 2 or 3 muscle cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Taste is solely a response to chemicals dissolved in .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Taste is solely a response to chemicals...

Question 4

The receptor membranes of gustatory cells are .

Accepted Answer

A)   basal cells
B)   taste buds
C)   gustatory hairs
D)   fungiform papillae

Question 5

The optic disc forms a blind spot where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The nuclei are in the visual pathway and mediate the pupillary light reflexes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nuclei are in the visual pathway...

Question 7

High frequency sounds are detected when the basilar membrane is displaced near the .

Accepted Answer

The answer of High frequency sounds are detected when the...

Question 8

If you shine a light into one eye both pupils will constrict. The best explanation for this is .

Accepted Answer

A)   information from one eye is directly and immediately transferred to the other eye to maintain alignment of the eyes
B)   a small portion of light always enters the other eye
C)   sensory input from the retinas of both eyes converges at the optic chiasm and information from each eye is delivered to both the left and right sides of the brain
D)   This, in fact, does not occur; information from both eyes is always separated.

Question 9

The anterior chamber of the eye is filled with vitreous humor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

During dark adaptation, .

Accepted Answer

A)   the cones are activated
B)   the rate of rhodopsin breakdown is accelerated
C)   rhodopsin accumulates in the rods
D)   the sensitivity of the retina decreases

Question 11

In the visual pathways to the brain, the optic radiations project to the .

Accepted Answer

A)   optic chiasma
B)   medial retina
C)   lateral geniculate body
D)   primary visual cortex D

Question 12

Paralysis of which eye muscle would prevent the right eye from looking to the left?

Accepted Answer

A)   Medial rectus
B)   Inferior rectus
C)   Superior rectus
D)   Lateral rectus

Question 13

Which of the following types of receptors are located in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

A)   chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors
B)   thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and nociceptors only
C)   chemoreceptors only
D)   chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors only

Question 14

The sensation of loudness or the volume of a sound is detected by _.

Accepted Answer

A)   faster vibration of the basilar membrane resulting in a higher frequency of hair cell stimulation
B)   vibration along a greater length of the basilar membrane, stimulating a greater number of hair cells
C)   greater movement of the basilar membrane resulting in greater deflection of the hair cells
D)   sounds that can travel all the way to the apex of the scala vestibule with enough energy remaining to deflect hair cells

Question 15

Bitter taste is elicited by .

Accepted Answer

A)   metal ions
B)   hydrogen ions
C)   alkaloids
D)   acids

Question 16

Roger went for his yearly eye examination and was informed that his intraocular pressure was slightly elevated (at 22 mm Hg). The physician expressed concern over this condition and noted that if the condition got worse, eye drops would be merited. What is wrong with Roger's eyes, and what are the possible consequences of this condition? Explain the function of eye drops used for therapy.

Accepted Answer

If the drainage of the aqueous humor is blocked, pressure within the eye can increase, causing compression of the retina and optic nerve, resulting in a condition called glaucoma. The resulting destruction of the neural structures causes blindness unless the condition is detected early. Early glaucoma can be treated with eye drops that increase the rate of aqueous humor drainage or decrease its production.

Question 17

A perceived increase in the volume of sound is best explained by .

Accepted Answer

A)   a combination of multiple sound waves
B)   an increase in the height of the sound wave
C)   an increase in the width of the sound wave
D)   a decrease in the width of the sound wave

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the iris?

Accepted Answer

A)   gives the eye its color
B)   refracts light through the pupil
C)   controls amount of light entering eye
D)   adjusts the shape of the lens

Question 19

Hot chili peppers contain a chemical compound called capsaicin that stimulate which type of receptor?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hot chili peppers contain a chemical compound...

Question 20

The eye muscle that rotates the eye upward and turns the eye laterally is the .

Accepted Answer

A)   inferior oblique
B)   medial rectus
C)   superior oblique
D)   lateral rectus

Exam 15: The Special Senses

Ling, a 75-year-old grandmother, complained that her vision was becoming obscured. Upon examination by an ophthalmologist she was told she had cataracts. What are they, how do they occur, and how are they treated?

Precision of eye movement is due to the fact that extrinsic eye muscle motor units typically innervate 8 to 12 muscle cells and in some cases as few as 2 or 3 muscle cells.

Correct Answer
verified

Taste is solely a response to chemicals dissolved in .

Correct Answer
verified

The receptor membranes of gustatory cells are .

Correct Answer
verified

The optic disc forms a blind spot where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball.

Correct Answer
verified

The nuclei are in the visual pathway and mediate the pupillary light reflexes.

Correct Answer
verified

High frequency sounds are detected when the basilar membrane is displaced near the .

Correct Answer
verified

If you shine a light into one eye both pupils will constrict. The best explanation for this is .

Correct Answer
verified

The anterior chamber of the eye is filled with vitreous humor.

Correct Answer
verified

During dark adaptation, .

Correct Answer
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In the visual pathways to the brain, the optic radiations project to the .

Correct Answer
verified
D

Paralysis of which eye muscle would prevent the right eye from looking to the left?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following types of receptors are located in the mouth?

Correct Answer
verified

The sensation of loudness or the volume of a sound is detected by _.

Correct Answer
verified

Bitter taste is elicited by .

Correct Answer
verified

A perceived increase in the volume of sound is best explained by .

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following best describes the function of the iris?

Correct Answer
verified

Hot chili peppers contain a chemical compound called capsaicin that stimulate which type of receptor?

Correct Answer
verified

The eye muscle that rotates the eye upward and turns the eye laterally is the .

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 15: The Special Senses

Ling, a 75-year-old grandmother, complained that her vision was becoming obscured. Upon examination by an ophthalmologist she was told she had cataracts. What are they, how do they occur, and how are they treated?

Precision of eye movement is due to the fact that extrinsic eye muscle motor units typically innervate 8 to 12 muscle cells and in some cases as few as 2 or 3 muscle cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Taste is solely a response to chemicals dissolved in .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The receptor membranes of gustatory cells are .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The optic disc forms a blind spot where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The nuclei are in the visual pathway and mediate the pupillary light reflexes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

High frequency sounds are detected when the basilar membrane is displaced near the .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you shine a light into one eye both pupils will constrict. The best explanation for this is .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The anterior chamber of the eye is filled with vitreous humor.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During dark adaptation, .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the visual pathways to the brain, the optic radiations project to the .

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Paralysis of which eye muscle would prevent the right eye from looking to the left?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following types of receptors are located in the mouth?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The sensation of loudness or the volume of a sound is detected by _.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bitter taste is elicited by .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A perceived increase in the volume of sound is best explained by .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best describes the function of the iris?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hot chili peppers contain a chemical compound called capsaicin that stimulate which type of receptor?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The eye muscle that rotates the eye upward and turns the eye laterally is the .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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