Question 1

Choose the correct match of glial cell type and function.

Accepted Answer

A)   astrocytes-promote blood flow and regulate ion concentrations
B)   oligodendrocytes-produce the myelin sheaths of myelinated neurons in the peripheral nervous system
C)   radial glia-the source of immunoprotection against pathogens
D)   Schwann cells-provide nutritional support to non-myelinated neurons

Question 2

Central coordination of vertebrate biological rhythms in physiology and behavior reside in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   pituitary gland
B)   hypothalamus
C)   cerebrum
D)   thalamus

Question 3

In a simple synapse, neurotransmitter chemicals are received by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the postsynaptic membrane
B)   the presynaptic membrane
C)   axon hillocks
D)   cell bodies

Question 4

After suffering a stroke, a patient can see objects anywhere in front of him, but pays attention only to objects in his right field of vision. When asked to describe these objects, he has difficulty judging their size and distance. What part of the brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

Accepted Answer

A)   the left frontal lobe
B)   the right frontal lobe
C)   the left parietal lobe
D)   the right parietal lobe

Question 5

The brain reward system ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   represents an emergent brain property that has arisen independent of natural selection
B)   is a reflex of the peripheral nervous primarily under autonomic control
C)   is housed in the thalamus and primarily regulates the enteric division of the autonomic nervous system
D)   utilizes the neurotransmitter dopamine and is affected by drug addiction

Question 6

Stem cell transplants may someday be used to treat Parkinson's disease. Researchers are hopeful that these cells would alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   preventing temporal lobe seizures
B)   repairing sites of traumatic brain injury
C)   replenishing missing ion channels
D)   secreting the neurotransmitter dopamine

Question 7

Axons are especially abundant in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   gray matter of the brain and the white matter of the spinal cord
B)   white matter of the brain and the gray matter of the spinal cord
C)   gray matter of the brain and the gray matter of the spinal cord
D)   white matter in the brain and the white matter in the spinal cord

Question 8

Imagine you are resting comfortably on a sofa after dinner. This could be described as a state with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   increased activity in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems
B)   decreased activity in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems
C)   decreased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, and increased activity in the parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems
D)   increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, and decreased activity in the parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems

Question 9

In humans, control of balance and coordinated movements are associated with increased activity in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   hypothalamus
B)   cerebrum
C)   cerebellum
D)   spinal cord

Question 10

If you were writing an essay, the part(s)  of your brain that would be actively involved in this task is/are the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   frontal lobes
B)   parietal lobe
C)   Broca's area
D)   occipital lobe

Question 11

Biological rhythms in animals isolated from light and dark cues ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   continue to have cycles of exactly 24 hours' duration
B)   continue to have cycles of approximately 24 hours' duration; some more rapid, some slower
C)   synchronize activity with whatever lighting cycle is imposed on them
D)   cease having any rhythms

Question 12

The suprachiasmatic nuclei are found in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   hypothalamus
B)   epithalamus
C)   amygdala
D)   Broca's area

Question 13

The human knee-jerk reflex requires an intact ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   spinal cord
B)   corpus callosum
C)   cerebellum
D)   medulla

Question 14

Which of the following structures or regions is correctly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)   limbic system-motor control of speech
B)   medulla oblongata-emotional memory
C)   cerebellum-homeostatic control
D)   corpus callosum-communication between the left and right cerebral cortices

Question 15

Patients with damage to Broca's area have difficulty ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   generating speech
B)   recognizing faces
C)   understanding language
D)   experiencing emotion

Question 16

Wernicke's area ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   is active when speech is heard and comprehended
B)   is active during the generation of speech
C)   coordinates the response to olfactory sensation
D)   is found on the left side of the brain

Question 17

The divisions of the nervous system that have antagonistic, or opposing, actions are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   motor and sensory systems
B)   sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
C)   presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes
D)   central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 18

Bottlenose dolphins breathe air but can sleep in the ocean because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   they sleep for only 30 minutes at a time, which is the maximum interval they can cease breathing
B)   they fill their swim bladder with air to keep their blowholes above the surface of the water while they sleep
C)   they move to shallow water to sleep, so they do not need to swim to keep their blowholes above the surface of the water
D)   they alternate which half of their brain is asleep and which half is awake

Question 19

Which of the following shows a brain structure correctly paired with one of its primary functions?

Accepted Answer

A)   frontal lobe-decision making
B)   occipital lobe-control of skeletal muscles
C)   temporal lobe-visual processing
D)   occipital lobe-speech production

Question 20

Short-term and long-term memory are related but have important differences. Short-term memory ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   involves temporary links formed in the cerebral cortex while long-term memory involves permanent connections within the hippocampus
B)   and long-term memory store information in the cerebellum but use different neurotransmitters
C)   is essential for acquiring and retaining long-term memories
D)   occurs within the hippocampus and is essential for acquiring new long-term memories within the cerebral cortex

Exam 49: Nervous Systems

After suffering a stroke, a patient can see objects anywhere in front of him, but pays attention only to objects in his right field of vision. When asked to describe these objects, he has difficulty judging their size and distance. What part of the brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Patients with damage to Broca's area have difficulty ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following shows a brain structure correctly paired with one of its primary functions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you were writing an essay, the part(s) of your brain that would be actively involved in this task is/are the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The brain reward system ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Axons are especially abundant in the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The divisions of the nervous system that have antagonistic, or opposing, actions are ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The human knee-jerk reflex requires an intact ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wernicke's area ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biological rhythms in animals isolated from light and dark cues ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Central coordination of vertebrate biological rhythms in physiology and behavior reside in the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imagine you are resting comfortably on a sofa after dinner. This could be described as a state with ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stem cell transplants may someday be used to treat Parkinson's disease. Researchers are hopeful that these cells would alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bottlenose dolphins breathe air but can sleep in the ocean because ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a simple synapse, neurotransmitter chemicals are received by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In humans, control of balance and coordinated movements are associated with increased activity in the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Short-term and long-term memory are related but have important differences. Short-term memory ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following structures or regions is correctly paired with its function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the correct match of glial cell type and function.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The suprachiasmatic nuclei are found in the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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