Question 1

A scientist, conducting a research study on sleep and learning, questions her own objectivity and decides to let a third person, not associated with conducting the experiment, score the tests. The scientist is probably trying to eliminate __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   experimenter bias
B)   sample bias
C)   control bias
D)   treatment bias

Question 2

Freud said phobias were ________ whereas Watson said phobias were ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   learned; inherited
B)   repressed conflicts; learned
C)   sexual; unconscious
D)   conditioned; unconditioned

Question 3

A correlation coefficient shows that smoking and life expectancy are indeed related. As a result, a researcher could predict that ________if the direction of the relationship is known.

Accepted Answer

A)   if a person smokes a lot of cigarettes, he or she will have less money monthly to buy gas
B)   the person's life expectancy will go up or down based on the number of cigarettes the person smokes daily
C)   if a person smokes cigarettes, he or she will eventually develop lung cancer
D)   a person's lungs will repair themselves and he or she will live a longer life

Question 4

A research method in which the real-life behavior of a pre-selected person or a group is studied at an in-depth level for some time through the use of observation, interviews, and writings (such as letters)  is the _____________ method of research.

Accepted Answer

A)   survey
B)   psychometric
C)   case study
D)   naturalistic observation

Question 5

In an experiment, a researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects a second variable. The second variable, which is observed for any possible effects, is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   dependent variable
B)   control variable
C)   independent variable
D)   hypothetical variable

Question 6

"Children who watch violent cartoons will become more aggressive." According to the scientific method, this statement is most likely a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   conclusion
B)   result
C)   hypothesis
D)   fact

Question 7

Structuralism emphasizes __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   individual differences
B)   the application of biological principles to the mind
C)   the influence of subconscious urges on conscious behavior
D)   the basic units of experience and their combinations

Question 8

The first African-American woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States was ________in 1934 at the University of Minnesota.

Accepted Answer

A)   Inez Beverly Prosser
B)   Ruth Howard
C)   Margaret Mahler
D)   Anna Freud

Question 9

Describe a method used in one of the early schools of psychology.

Accepted Answer

One method used in one of the early scho...

Question 10

________is an experiment in which neither the participants nor the individuals running the experiment know if participants are in the experimental or the control group until after the results are tallied.

Accepted Answer

A)   The double-blind study
B)   Field research
C)   The single-blind study
D)   Correlational research

Question 11

A researcher is investigating the effects of exercise on weight. What are the independent and dependent variables in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)   The dependent variable is weight; the independent variable is exercise.
B)   The independent variable is calories consumed; the dependent variable is diet.
C)   The independent variable is weight; the dependent variable is calories consumed.
D)   The dependent variable is amount of exercise; the independent variable is calories consumed.

Question 12

Which perspective is often referred to as the "third force" in psychology and focuses on a person's freedom of choice in determining their behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   biopsychological perspective
B)   behaviorism
C)   cognitive psychology
D)   humanism

Question 13

All of the following are accurate statements regarding random assignment EXCEPT __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   it is a procedure for assigning people to experimental and control groups
B)   it is a procedure in which each subject has the same possibility of being assigned to a given group
C)   it is a procedure in which subjects are assigned to a positive correlation or a negative correlation condition
D)   it is a procedure that allows individual characteristics to be roughly balanced between groups

Question 14

Freud's theories differed radically from the views of his predecessors because of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   its extensive use of laboratory research to support its claims
B)   the emphasis it placed on Eastern philosophies and culture
C)   the emphasis it placed on unconscious processes
D)   its emphasis on environmental learning as the source for most personality characteristics

Question 15

In an experiment, a researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects a second variable. The second variable, which is observed for any possible effects, is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   dependent variable
B)   control variable
C)   independent variable
D)   hypothetical variable

Question 16

The question "What is happening?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)   description
B)   explanation
C)   prediction
D)   control

Question 17

John B. Watson believed that psychology should involve the study of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   behavior
B)   the mind
C)   the brain
D)   consciousness

Question 18

Collecting objective data without interference in the subject's normal environment is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)   survey research.
B)   applied research.
C)   laboratory research.
D)   naturalistic observation.

Question 19

Steve is a fan of the Los Angeles Lakers basketball team. With little provocation, he will engage you in a debate about whether it is the greatest team in basketball. Steve may be demonstrating ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   bias
B)   critical thinking
C)   an eclectic approach
D)   unconscious behavior

Question 20

A researcher finds that as her subjects increased the number of hours they spent exercising, the overall weight of her subjects decreased. This would be an example of a _________correlation.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive
B)   negative
C)   zero
D)   causal

Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

John B. Watson believed that psychology should involve the study of ________.

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The first African-American woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States was ________in 1934 at the University of Minnesota.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment, a researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects a second variable. The second variable, which is observed for any possible effects, is called the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe a method used in one of the early schools of psychology.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIOne method used in one of the early scho...View AnswerShow Answer

________is an experiment in which neither the participants nor the individuals running the experiment know if participants are in the experimental or the control group until after the results are tallied.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud's theories differed radically from the views of his predecessors because of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are accurate statements regarding random assignment EXCEPT __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A correlation coefficient shows that smoking and life expectancy are indeed related. As a result, a researcher could predict that ________if the direction of the relationship is known.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A research method in which the real-life behavior of a pre-selected person or a group is studied at an in-depth level for some time through the use of observation, interviews, and writings (such as letters) is the _____________ method of research.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Children who watch violent cartoons will become more aggressive." According to the scientific method, this statement is most likely a ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud said phobias were ________ whereas Watson said phobias were ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher finds that as her subjects increased the number of hours they spent exercising, the overall weight of her subjects decreased. This would be an example of a _________correlation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The question "What is happening?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which perspective is often referred to as the "third force" in psychology and focuses on a person's freedom of choice in determining their behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher is investigating the effects of exercise on weight. What are the independent and dependent variables in this experiment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Structuralism emphasizes __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A scientist, conducting a research study on sleep and learning, questions her own objectivity and decides to let a third person, not associated with conducting the experiment, score the tests. The scientist is probably trying to eliminate __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Collecting objective data without interference in the subject's normal environment is associated with:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Steve is a fan of the Los Angeles Lakers basketball team. With little provocation, he will engage you in a debate about whether it is the greatest team in basketball. Steve may be demonstrating ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment, a researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects a second variable. The second variable, which is observed for any possible effects, is called the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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One method used in one of the early scho...
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Freud said phobias were whereas Watson said phobias were .

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