Question 1

For a particular microarray assay (DNA chip) , cDNA has been made from the mRNAs of a dozen patients' breast tumor biopsies. Which of the following types of evidence will researchers be looking for in order to determine if the cells are cancerous?

Accepted Answer

A)   a particular gene that is amplified in all or most of the patient samples
B)   a pattern of fluorescence that indicates which cells are over proliferating
C)   a pattern shared among some or all of the samples that indicates gene expression differing from control samples
D)   a group of cDNAs that match those in non-breast cancer control samples from the same population

Question 2

Why might using retroviral vectors for gene therapy increase the patient's risk of developing cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)   Retroviral vectors may introduce proteins from the virus.
B)   Retroviral vectors do not express the genes that were introduced into a patient's cells.
C)   Retroviral vectors do not integrate their recombinant DNA into the patient's genome.
D)   Retroviral vectors integrate recombinant DNA into the genome in ways that may misregulate the expression of genes at or near the site of integration.

Question 3

Scientists developed a set of guidelines to address the safety of DNA technology. Which of the following safety measures is one that has been adopted by researchers?

Accepted Answer

A)   Microorganisms used in recombinant DNA experiments must be genetically crippled to ensure that they cannot survive outside of the laboratory.
B)   Genetically modified organisms are not allowed to be part of our food supply.
C)   Transgenic plants are engineered so that the plant genes cannot hybridize.
D)   Experiments involving HIV or other potentially dangerous viruses have been banned.

Question 4

Which of the following sequences in double-stranded DNA is most likely to be recognized as a cutting site for a restriction enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)   AAGG TTCC
B)   GGCC CCGG
C)   ACCA TGGT
D)   AAAA TTTT

Question 5

Transgenic mice are useful to human researchers because they ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   can be valuable animal models of human disease
B)   are essential for mapping human genes
C)   are now used in place of bacteria for cloning human genes
D)   were instrumental in pinpointing the location of the huntingtin gene A

Question 6

Suppose that a researcher is successful at producing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS)  for replacement of pancreatic insulin-producing cells for people with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following could still pose problems for this individual?
I.the possibility that, once introduced into the patient, the iPS cells produce non-pancreatic cells
II.the failure of the iPS cells to take up residence in the pancreas
III.the inability of the iPS cells to respond to appropriate regulatory signals

Accepted Answer

A)   I only
B)   II only
C)   III only
D)   I, II, and III D

Question 7

Use the following information to answer the question.
In an experiment, DNA from the linear form of the bacteriophage Lambda was cut into fragments using the restriction enzyme Hind III. Hind III cuts the Lambda DNA between the adenine nucleotides on the complimentary strands in a specific sequence, as indicated in the diagram, producing eight different size fragments. These fragments are then separated with an electrical current based on size after the DNA fragments are placed in a porous gel, a process called gel electrophoresis.

Select an observation that best describes a correct aspect of the two processes of restriction
Digest and gel electrophoresis.

Accepted Answer

A)   When separated on a gel, the pattern of DNA bands will be characteristic of those cut with Hind III; different restriction enzymes will not produce these same fragments.
B)   The sequence 5′-AAGCTT-3′ is found eight times in the Lambda genome, and the restriction enzyme Hind III finds each location.
C)   If an electrical current is not used, eight separate DNA bands would be visible, but they would not be separated as much as when an electrical current is used.
D)   Only the restriction enzyme Hind III can be used to cut Lambda DNA since restriction enzymes are specific to the type of DNA they can cut.

Question 8

Why is sequencing an entire genome, such as that of C. elegans, a nematode, important for genetic research?

Accepted Answer

A)   It allows researchers to use the sequence to build a "better" nematode, which is resistant to disease.
B)   It allows research on a group of organisms we do not usually care much about.
C)   A sequence that is found to have a particular function in the nematode is likely to have a closely related function in vertebrates.
D)   A sequence that is found to have no introns in the nematode genome is likely to have acquired the introns from higher organisms.

Question 9

What is the most logical sequence of steps for splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium?
I.Transform bacteria with a recombinant DNA molecule.
II.Cut the plasmid DNA using restriction enzymes (endonucleases) .
III.Extract plasmid DNA from bacterial cells.
IV.Hydrogen-bond the plasmid DNA to non-plasmid DNA fragments.
V.Use ligase to seal plasmid DNA to non-plasmid DNA.

Accepted Answer

A)   II, III, V, IV, I
B)   III, II, IV, V, I
C)   III, IV, V, I, II
D)   IV, V, I, II, III B

Question 10

In 1997, Dolly the sheep was cloned. Which of the following processes was used?

Accepted Answer

A)   replication and dedifferentiation of adult stem cells from sheep bone marrow
B)   separation of an early stage sheep blastula into separate cells, one of which was incubated in a surrogate ewe
C)   transfer of an adult cell's nucleus into an enucleated sheep egg, followed by incubation in a surrogate
D)   isolation of stem cells from a lamb embryo and production of a zygote equivalent

Question 11

Which of the following processes helps bacterial cells protect their own DNA from restriction enzymes (endonucleases) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   adding methyl groups to adenines and cytosines
B)   using DNA ligase to seal the bacterial DNA into a closed circle
C)   adding histones to protect the double-stranded DNA
D)   forming "sticky ends" of bacterial DNA to prevent the enzyme (endonuclease)  from attaching

Question 12

The final step in a Sanger DNA sequencing reaction is to run the DNA fragments on a gel. What purpose does this serve?

Accepted Answer

A)   It adds ddNTP to the end of each DNA fragment.
B)   It changes the length of the DNA fragments.
C)   It separates DNA fragments based on their charge.
D)   It separates DNA fragments generated during the sequencing reaction based on one-nucleotide differences in their size.

Question 13

Which of the following characteristics of Taq polymerase make it useful in the PCR process?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is heat stable and can withstand the heating step of PCR.
B)   Only minute amounts are needed for each cycle of PCR.
C)   It binds more readily than other polymerases to the primers.
D)   It has regions that are complementary to the primers.

Question 14

Which of the following problems with animal cloning might result in premature death of the clones?

Accepted Answer

A)   use of pluripotent instead of totipotent stem cells
B)   use of nuclear DNA as well as mtDNA
C)   abnormal gene regulation due to variant methylation
D)   the indefinite replication of totipotent stem cells

Question 15

A principal problem with inserting an unmodified mammalian gene into a plasmid and then getting that gene expressed in bacteria is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   prokaryotes use a different genetic code from that of eukaryotes
B)   bacteria translate only mRNAs that have multiple messages
C)   bacteria cannot remove eukaryotic introns
D)   bacterial RNA polymerase cannot make RNA complementary to mammalian DNA

Question 16

One predicted aspect of climate change is that climates, including precipitation and temperature, over most of Earth will become more variable. Which of the following is a good strategy for genetically engineering crops if this is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Use only plant crops that are genetically engineered.
B)   Genetically engineer most crops to withstand very long droughts.
C)   Genetically engineer several genotypes within single crop types.
D)   Genetically engineer the fastest growing crops possible.

Question 17

Which of the following processes is most like the formation of identical twins?

Accepted Answer

A)   cell cloning
B)   therapeutic cloning
C)   use of adult stem cells
D)   organismal cloning

Question 18

Which of the following processes uses labeled probes to visualize the expression of genes in whole tissues and organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)   RT-PCR
B)   in situ hybridization
C)   DNA microarrays
D)   RNA interference

Question 19

Which of the following enzymes is required to make complementary DNA (cDNA)  from RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   restriction enzymes (endonucleases) 
B)   helicase
C)   DNA ligase
D)   reverse transcriptase

Question 20

In animals, what is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?

Accepted Answer

A)   Reproductive cloning uses totipotent cells, whereas therapeutic cloning does not.
B)   Reproductive cloning uses embryonic stem cells, whereas therapeutic cloning does not.
C)   Therapeutic cloning uses nuclei of adult cells transplanted into enucleated unfertilized eggs.
D)   Therapeutic cloning supplies cells for repair of diseased or injured organs.

Exam 20: DNA Tools and Biotechnology

For a particular microarray assay (DNA chip) , cDNA has been made from the mRNAs of a dozen patients' breast tumor biopsies. Which of the following types of evidence will researchers be looking for in order to determine if the cells are cancerous?

Correct Answer
verified

Why might using retroviral vectors for gene therapy increase the patient's risk of developing cancer?

Correct Answer
verified

Scientists developed a set of guidelines to address the safety of DNA technology. Which of the following safety measures is one that has been adopted by researchers?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following sequences in double-stranded DNA is most likely to be recognized as a cutting site for a restriction enzyme?

Correct Answer
verified

Transgenic mice are useful to human researchers because they ________.

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
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D

Correct Answer
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Why is sequencing an entire genome, such as that of C. elegans, a nematode, important for genetic research?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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B

In 1997, Dolly the sheep was cloned. Which of the following processes was used?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following processes helps bacterial cells protect their own DNA from restriction enzymes (endonucleases) ?

Correct Answer
verified

The final step in a Sanger DNA sequencing reaction is to run the DNA fragments on a gel. What purpose does this serve?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following characteristics of Taq polymerase make it useful in the PCR process?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following problems with animal cloning might result in premature death of the clones?

Correct Answer
verified

A principal problem with inserting an unmodified mammalian gene into a plasmid and then getting that gene expressed in bacteria is that ________.

Correct Answer
verified

One predicted aspect of climate change is that climates, including precipitation and temperature, over most of Earth will become more variable. Which of the following is a good strategy for genetically engineering crops if this is true?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following processes is most like the formation of identical twins?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following processes uses labeled probes to visualize the expression of genes in whole tissues and organisms?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following enzymes is required to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA?

Correct Answer
verified

In animals, what is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 20: DNA Tools and Biotechnology

For a particular microarray assay (DNA chip) , cDNA has been made from the mRNAs of a dozen patients' breast tumor biopsies. Which of the following types of evidence will researchers be looking for in order to determine if the cells are cancerous?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why might using retroviral vectors for gene therapy increase the patient's risk of developing cancer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scientists developed a set of guidelines to address the safety of DNA technology. Which of the following safety measures is one that has been adopted by researchers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following sequences in double-stranded DNA is most likely to be recognized as a cutting site for a restriction enzyme?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Transgenic mice are useful to human researchers because they ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is sequencing an entire genome, such as that of C. elegans, a nematode, important for genetic research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedB

In 1997, Dolly the sheep was cloned. Which of the following processes was used?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following processes helps bacterial cells protect their own DNA from restriction enzymes (endonucleases) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The final step in a Sanger DNA sequencing reaction is to run the DNA fragments on a gel. What purpose does this serve?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following characteristics of Taq polymerase make it useful in the PCR process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following problems with animal cloning might result in premature death of the clones?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A principal problem with inserting an unmodified mammalian gene into a plasmid and then getting that gene expressed in bacteria is that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One predicted aspect of climate change is that climates, including precipitation and temperature, over most of Earth will become more variable. Which of the following is a good strategy for genetically engineering crops if this is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following processes is most like the formation of identical twins?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following processes uses labeled probes to visualize the expression of genes in whole tissues and organisms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following enzymes is required to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In animals, what is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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D

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B

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