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Exam 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

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Question 1

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Which of the following statements describes a primary function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?

A) reduction of NAD⁺ to NADH
B) reduction of FAD to FADH₂
C) oxidation of NADH to NAD⁺
D) hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + ᵢ

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C

Question 2

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The enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) catalyzes a key step in glycolysis. About 10% of Springer spaniels suffer from canine PFK deficiency. Given its critical role in glycolysis, which of the following conditions would be a likely consequence for dogs afflicted with this disorder?

A) They would die as embryos.
B) They would have elevated blood-glucose levels, which may result in a high incidence of diabetes.
C) They would be lethargic and readily tire from exercise.
D) They would carry out elevated levels of oxidative phosphorylation.

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Question 3

Multiple Choice

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What happens when electrons are passed from one atom to a more electronegative atom?

When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs?

Which of the following events takes place in the electron transport chain?

Use the following information to answer the question below. The citric acid cycle. If you were to add one of the eight citric acid cycle intermediates to the culture medium of yeast growing in the laboratory, what do you think would happen to the rates of ATP and carbon dioxide production?

Water is one of the end products of aerobic respiration. What is the source of the oxygen atom used in formation of the water?

An organism is discovered that thrives in both the presence and absence of oxygen. Interestingly, as oxygen is removed from the organism's environment, the rate of sugar consumption increases while the growth rate decreases. What do these observations suggest about the likely identity of this organism?

Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H⁺ ions into which location in eukaryotic cells?

In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + ᵢ to ATP?

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?

In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes are about five times the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes. What purpose must this serve?

The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO₂ and water is -686 kcal/mol, and the free energy for the reduction of NAD⁺ to NADH is +53 kcal/mol. Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed?

If a cell is able to synthesize 30 ATP molecules for each molecule of glucose completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, approximately how many ATP molecules can the cell synthesize for each molecule of pyruvate oxidized to carbon dioxide and water?

High levels of citric acid inhibit the enzyme phosphofructokinase, a key enzyme in glycolysis. Citric acid binds to the enzyme at a different location from the active site. This is an example of ________.

The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the

A cell has enough available ATP to meet its needs for about 30 seconds. What is likely to happen when an athlete exhausts his or her ATP supply?

Beta oxidation generates substrates for cellular respiration through which of the following processes?

What kinds of cells carry out ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis?

The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, using the energy released by movement of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, is an example of which of the following processes?