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Question 141

Multiple Choice

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In operant conditioning,a continuous reinforcement schedule is one in which

A) every correct response is reinforced.
B) every response,whether correct or incorrect,is reinforced.
C) reinforcement is continuously available,regardless of whether or not the organism makes a response.
D) animals are continuously force-fed through a tube.

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Question 142

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Research has demonstrated that tolerance of injected drugs is sometimes due to

A) extinction.
B) classical conditioning.
C) spontaneous recovery.
D) a breakdown in the body's antidrug defenses.

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Question 143

Multiple Choice

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Who discovered classical conditioning?

According to Thorndike,____________________ is an event that increases the probability of the preceding response. reinforcement

What is an unconditioned reflex?

Which of the following is an intervening variable?

According to the social-learning approach,a large percentage of what people do is based on

The cats in Thorndike's experiments improved their ability to escape his puzzle boxes gradually,not suddenly.What conclusion did he draw from this observation?

Suppose your alarm made a slight clicking sound just before the alarm goes off.Even though you didn't wake up to the clicking sound initially,now you do,due to classical conditioning.In this example,the clicking is a/an

A dog has been trained to salivate whenever it sees a large white square.Now it is shown a large gray square and it salivates,though not quite as much as when it sees the white square.The dog is displaying

In operant conditioning,there are a number of types of rein forcers and punishment that can be used to either increase or decrease behavior.Alexander's mother is trying to change his behavior in terms of teaching him to be more responsible for his fish.Alexander likes to spend all of his time playing video games,but his mother is trying to reduce the number of hours he spends playing video games and increase the number of times that he cleans his fishbowl.Currently,he is given a timeout everyday when he does not clean his fishbowl.Give an example of how his mother could attempt to change Alexander's behavior using;negative reinforcement,positive reinforcement,negative punishment,and punishment.

During the Korean War,captured U.S.soldiers were persuaded to cooperate with their captors one small step at a time,with reinforcements for each step.This procedure resembles which principle of operant conditioning?

A group of people has learned to blink their eyes whenever they see a flashing blue light,because for the last hour that flashing blue light has always been followed by a puff of air to their eyes.If we want to test for the possibility of stimulus generalization,what procedure should we follow?

Which of the following would a behaviorist be least likely to study?

When an individual develops tolerance to the effects of a drug injection,what is the conditioned response?

What do positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement have in common with each other?

In an experiment on classical conditioning,an experimenter pairs a tone with a puff of air to the eyes and establishes a conditioned response.If the experimenter now repeatedly presents the tone alone,followed by no airpuff,the probable outcome is

According to the social learning perspective,how can the government increase the self-efficacy of children from a wide variety of backgrounds to aspire to professional careers?

An early approach to behaviorism that attempted to explain behavior in terms of how each stimulus triggers a response was known as

Tolerance to morphine and similar drugs depends partly on classical conditioning.According to this analysis,tolerance depends on rapidly mobilizing the body's defenses against the drug.That mobilization is the