Question 1

Which antiviral drug is most likely to have more severe central nervous system side effects, including worsening of glaucoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acyclovir
B)  Amantadine
C)  Valacyclovir
D)  Zanamivir

Question 2

Which statement when made by a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV positive patient informs you that the patient needs additional teaching?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I may be more susceptible to opportunistic infections."
B)  "By taking the antiretrovirals over time, I will be cured of HIV."
C)  "I understand that I may take several different drugs for my HIV."
D)  "Antiretrovirals interfere with the ability of the retrovirus to reproduce."

Question 3

You are teaching a patient about the action of a newly prescribed antiretroviral drug. Which statement explains the action of antiretrovirals?

Accepted Answer

A)  "These drugs act by boosting the body's T-cell production."
B)  "These drugs act by interfering with replication of the retrovirus."
C)  "These drugs act by using the DNA of the host cell kill the virus."
D)  "These drugs act by producing artificially acquired active immunity."

Question 4

A patient taking cART therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)  infection develops severe upper abdominal pain that radiates to the back. What complication of this therapy may this patient be experiencing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pancreatitis
B)  Kidney failure
C)  Vertebral fracture
D)  Acute gallbladder infection

Question 5

A patient who has been taking efavirenz (Sustiva)  reports a sore throat, fever, and blisters. What is your best action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hold the dose and notify the prescriber.
B)  Document the report as the only action.
C)  Remind the patient that these are symptoms of opportunistic infection.
D)  Reassure the patient that these are common and expected side effects of the drug.

Question 6

Which drug classification works to limit the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antiretrovirals
B)  Antivirals
C)  Antibiotics
D)  Antifungals A

Question 7

How do protease inhibitor (PI)  drugs prevent viral replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are counterfeit bases that prevent reverse transcriptase from synthesizing the DNA needed for viral replication.
B)  They inactivate the enzyme that allows the viral genetic material to be integrated into the human host's cellular DNa.
C)  They prevent the production of proteins needed for viral particles to leave the cell and infect other cells.
D)  They prevent initial infection by blocking the receptor the virus uses to enter target cells.

Question 8

A patient presents to the clinic with flu symptoms that began 3 days ago. The patient is wondering why the flu cannot be treated with an antiviral. What is your best response?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Antiviral drugs are not useful in combating influenza."
B)  "Antiviral drugs are only used for prevention of influenza."
C)  "Antiviral drugs can only be given to people who are immunocompromised."
D)  "Antiviral drugs work best when given within 48 hours of the start of symptoms."

Question 9

Which drug classes are used in the treatment of hepatitis B virus? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Interferon
B)  Uncoating inhibitors
C)  Neuraminidase inhibitors
D)  DNA polymerase inhibitors
E)  Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorsF) Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Question 10

A female with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)  who is taking a combination of a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and protease inhibitor tells you she is now pregnant. What advice regarding her drug therapy would be appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Keep taking the drug regimen exactly as ordered throughout your pregnancy."
B)  "Stop the drug regimen during the first trimester, as this is when the fetus forms."
C)  "This drug regimen is only given the last trimester to protect the baby during birth."
D)  "Keep taking the drug regimen as prescribed until delavirdine or efavirenz is added." A

Question 11

The oral antiviral drug acyclovir (Zovirax)  has been ordered for a patient with genital herpes. What is your best action before giving this drug?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ask the patient if he/she is allergic to milk.
B)  Wear a gown, mask, and gloves to give this drug.
C)  Assess the patient for the presence of irregular pulse.
D)  Inform the patient that this drug can cause excessive thirst.

Question 12

A patient who is asymptomatic comes into the clinic complaining of being exposed to a coworker who has the flu. What drug would be most appropriate for this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flumadine (rimantadine) 
B)  Valtrex (valacyclovir) 
C)  Crixivan (indinavir) 
D)  Ziagen (abacavir)

Question 13

Which antiviral drug is only given by oral inhalation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acyclovir (Zovirax) 
B)  Zanamivir (Relenza) 
C)  Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) 
D)  Amantadine (Symmetrel)

Question 14

You are teaching a patient who has been prescribed atazanavir (Reyataz)  about this drug. What should be included in this patient's teaching plan?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Take this drug only with fruit juice."
B)  "Be sure to chew this drug thoroughly."
C)  "Take your pulse daily before taking this drug."
D)  "Change positions carefully as this drug can lower your blood pressure." C

Question 15

A patient beginning antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection asks you why it is important to report all other drugs that the patient is taking. What is your best response?

Accepted Answer

A)  "The antiretroviral and other drugs must be taken together."
B)  "The antiretroviral and other drugs must be taken with milk."
C)  "The antiretroviral should be taken with water 30 min before eating."
D)  "The antiretroviral should be taken alone and not with other drugs."

Question 16

You suspect that a patient on antiretroviral therapy may have drug-related toxicity. Which of the following laboratory tests would alert you to a drug toxicity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elevated glucose level
B)  Decreased hemoglobin
C)  Elevated liver enzymes
D)  Decreased amylase and lipase

Question 17

A patient who has been taking subcutaneous enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)  for 6 months reports reduced sensation in the fingers and toes. What is your best action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Document the report as the only action.
B)  Hold the dose and notify the prescriber.
C)  Remind the patient to take a multiple vitamin daily.
D)  Reassure the patient that this is an expected drug side effect.

Question 18

A patient diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)  asks you about opportunistic infections. What is your best response?

Accepted Answer

A)  "This infection is a toxic effect of the virus."
B)  "This infection is from drug-related toxicities."
C)  "This infection is a first-generation metabolic infection."
D)  "This infection is from damage to the body's immune system."

Question 19

A diabetic patient who is receiving treatment for HIV with raltegravir (Isentress)  asks you how this drug may affect his diabetes. What is your best response?

Accepted Answer

A)  "This drug will not interact with your diabetic drugs."
B)  "You will need to increase your carbohydrate intake while on this drug."
C)  "Monitor your glucose levels, as this drug can increase blood glucose levels."
D)  "Keep hard candy with you at all times, as this drug can cause hypoglycemia."

Question 20

In what way does a retrovirus differ from other common viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Retroviruses lack specialized enzymes.
B)  Retroviruses use DNA instead of RNA in their genes.
C)  Retroviruses cannot leave the cell to infect new cells.
D)  Retroviruses transmit their own information into the cell's DNA.

Exam 6: Antivirals and Antiretrovirals

Which antiviral drug is most likely to have more severe central nervous system side effects, including worsening of glaucoma?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement when made by a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV positive patient informs you that the patient needs additional teaching?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are teaching a patient about the action of a newly prescribed antiretroviral drug. Which statement explains the action of antiretrovirals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient taking cART therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection develops severe upper abdominal pain that radiates to the back. What complication of this therapy may this patient be experiencing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient who has been taking efavirenz (Sustiva) reports a sore throat, fever, and blisters. What is your best action?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which drug classification works to limit the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

How do protease inhibitor (PI) drugs prevent viral replication?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient presents to the clinic with flu symptoms that began 3 days ago. The patient is wondering why the flu cannot be treated with an antiviral. What is your best response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which drug classes are used in the treatment of hepatitis B virus? (Select all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A female with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who is taking a combination of a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and protease inhibitor tells you she is now pregnant. What advice regarding her drug therapy would be appropriate?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The oral antiviral drug acyclovir (Zovirax) has been ordered for a patient with genital herpes. What is your best action before giving this drug?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient who is asymptomatic comes into the clinic complaining of being exposed to a coworker who has the flu. What drug would be most appropriate for this patient?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which antiviral drug is only given by oral inhalation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are teaching a patient who has been prescribed atazanavir (Reyataz) about this drug. What should be included in this patient's teaching plan?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

A patient beginning antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection asks you why it is important to report all other drugs that the patient is taking. What is your best response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You suspect that a patient on antiretroviral therapy may have drug-related toxicity. Which of the following laboratory tests would alert you to a drug toxicity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient who has been taking subcutaneous enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) for 6 months reports reduced sensation in the fingers and toes. What is your best action?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) asks you about opportunistic infections. What is your best response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A diabetic patient who is receiving treatment for HIV with raltegravir (Isentress) asks you how this drug may affect his diabetes. What is your best response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In what way does a retrovirus differ from other common viruses?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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