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Attribution theory was designed to account for


A) the process of revealing intimate aspects of ourselves to others.
B) the impact of both heredity and environment on social behavior.
C) the loss of self-awareness that occurs in group situations.
D) how people explain others' behavior.

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The discomfort we feel when two thoughts are inconsistent is called


A) cognitive dissonance.
B) prejudice.
C) central persuasion.
D) the fundamental attribution error.

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Professor Stewart wrote a very positive letter of recommendation for a student despite having doubts about her competence. Which theory best explains why he subsequently began to develop more favorable attitudes about the student's abilities?


A) cognitive dissonance theory
B) attribution theory
C) two-factor theory
D) equity theory

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The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by


A) the fundamental attribution error.
B) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
C) situational attributions.
D) central route persuasion.

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B

Which of the following phenomena is best explained by cognitive dissonance theory?


A) situational attributions
B) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon
C) the fundamental attribution error
D) central route persuasion

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Our explanations of our own admirable actions are ________ likely to involve situational attributions than our explanations of our own shameful actions. Our explanations of our own actions performed long ago are ________ likely to involve dispositional attributions than our explanations of our own very recent actions.


A) less; less
B) more; more
C) less; more
D) more; less

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Which of the following is true?


A) Attitudes and actions rarely correspond.
B) Attitudes predict behavior about half the time.
C) Attitudes are excellent predictors of behavior.
D) Attitudes predict behavior under certain conditions.

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We have a tendency to explain the behavior of strangers we have observed in only one type of situation in terms of ________ and to explain our own behavior in terms of ________.


A) logical analysis; incidental cues
B) situational constraints; personality traits
C) incidental cues; logical analysis
D) personality traits; situational constraints

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After they had first agreed to display a 3-inch "Be a Safe Driver" sign,California home owners were highly likely to permit the installation of a very large and unattractive "Drive Carefully" sign in their front yards. This best illustrates


A) situational attributions.
B) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
C) the fundamental attribution error.
D) prosocial relations.

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B

Instead of providing arguments in favor of a political candidate,ads may build political support by associating pictures of the candidate with emotion-evoking music and images. This strategy best illustrates


A) role-playing.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) peripheral route persuasion.
D) group influence.

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Compared with people from East Asian cultures,those from individualistic Western countries are more likely to demonstrate


A) cognitive dissonance.
B) ingroup bias.
C) situational attributions.
D) the fundamental attribution error.

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Observing yourself on a videotape is most likely to increase your tendency to attribute your behavior to


A) social norms.
B) role-playing.
C) personality traits.
D) ingroup bias.

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Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding the impact of


A) group beliefs on social conflict.
B) dispositions on the fundamental attribution error.
C) team membership on social behavior.
D) role-playing on attitude change.

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D

Which theory best explains why our actions can lead us to modify our attitudes?


A) attribution theory
B) cognitive dissonance theory
C) social exchange theory
D) the two-factor theory

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Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. This experiment best illustrated the impact of


A) team membership on social behavior.
B) self-disclosure on cooperation.
C) frustration on aggressive behavior.
D) role-playing on attitudes.

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Professor Washington's students did very poorly on the last exam. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error might lead her to conclude that the class did poorly because


A) the test was unfair.
B) not enough time was given for students to complete the test.
C) students were distracted by some social function on campus.
D) students were unmotivated.

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The set of prescribed behaviors associated with a particular social position is best described as a(n)


A) dissonance.
B) attribution.
C) attitude.
D) role.

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After she was promoted to a high-level executive position in the large company for which she worked,Jorana developed more pro-business political attitudes. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on attitudes.


A) situational constraints
B) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon
C) role-playing
D) peripheral explanations

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Central route persuasion is most likely when people


A) are naturally analytical.
B) are uninvolved in an issue.
C) make snap judgments.
D) have difficulty paying attention.

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Carol is restless during class because her professor's distressed facial expressions lead her to believe that he dislikes teaching. The professor,on the other hand,is distressed because he sees Carol's restlessness as an indication that she lacks any motivation to learn. At this point,both student and professor should be informed of the dangers of


A) role-playing.
B) foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) the fundamental attribution error.

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