Question 1

Match the following concerning concentration differences across the plasma membrane.
-Higher concentration outside cell

Accepted Answer

A)  Concentration of K+
B)  Concentration of Na+ and Cl−
C)  Negatively charged proteins
D)  Sodium-potassium pump
E)  Plasma membrane is more permeable to this ion because of leak ion channels

Question 2

Low levels of ________ can have dire consequences on the functioning of neurons because of its role in membrane repolarization.

Accepted Answer

A)   Na+
B)   K+
C)   Cl−
D)   H+

Question 3

________ are glial cells that are macrophages.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ are glial cells that are macrophages....

Question 4

Match the term with the correct definition.
-Local potential

Accepted Answer

A)  Small change in the resting membrane potential confined to a small area
B)  Charge difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is in an unstimulated state
C)  Larger change in resting membrane potential that spreads over entire surface of a cell
D)  Membrane becomes more positive when Na+ diffuse into cell
E)  Return to the resting membrane potential

Question 5

If five action potentials arrive at the same synapse in very close succession, which of the following would occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   The direction of the action potential is reversed.
B)   Temporal summation occurs.
C)   Spatial summation occurs.
D)   Hyperpolarization occurs.
E)   Depolarization always occurs.

Question 6

If the charge difference across the plasma membrane is decreased,

Accepted Answer

A)   the potential difference across the plasma membrane does not change.
B)   the membrane potential is more positive.
C)   the change is called hyperpolarization.
D)   negative proteins can leave the cell.
E)   the membrane potential is more negative.

Question 7

When two or more presynaptic neurons synapse with a single postsynaptic neuron in the CNS, a/an ________ pathway is formed.

Accepted Answer

A)   convergent
B)   divergent
C)   reverberating
D)   somatic
E)   sensory

Question 8

Hydrocephaly is a condition whereby cerebrospinal fluid accumulates around the brain. Which supportive cells continue CSF production despite it backing up in the subarachnoid space?

Accepted Answer

A)   Astrocytes
B)   Microglia
C)   Oligodendrocytes
D)   Macrophages
E)   Ependymal cells

Question 9

A person who has seizures might have a deficit of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   GABA
B)   Dopamine
C)   Glutamate
D)   Serotonin
E)   Histamine

Question 10

All of the following are typical characteristics of neurotransmitters except

Accepted Answer

A)   they are synthesized by a presynaptic neuron.
B)   they are released in response to stimulation.
C)   they are released into the bloodstream before reaching the postsynaptic cell.
D)   they bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell.
E)   they alter the physiology of the postsynaptic cell.

Question 11

When repolarization of a neuron is complete, the

Accepted Answer

A)   neuron dies.
B)   neuron regenerates.
C)   cell no longer has a potential difference across its membrane.
D)   original polarity of the neuron is restored.
E)   neuron is no longer excitable.

Question 12

Gray matter on the surface of the brain is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the cortex
B)   a nucleus
C)   a ganglion
D)   a tract

Question 13

Receptor molecules in synapses

Accepted Answer

A)   tend to concentrate on presynaptic terminals.
B)   bind irreversibly with neurotransmitter.
C)   have a high degree of specificity.
D)   serve as channel proteins.
E)   can bind to any molecule in the synapse.

Question 14

Which of these is an example of an EPSP in a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)   A voltage change from 0 mV to +0.35 mV
B)   A voltage change from -70 mV to -69.5 mV
C)   A voltage change from -69.5 mV to -70 mV
D)   A voltage change from +35 mV to 0 mV
E)   A voltage change from -70 mV to -70.5 mV

Question 15

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)  can result from the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   influx of Ca2+
B)   influx of Na+
C)   influx of Cl−
D)   outflow of K+
E)   Both "influx of Cl− and "outflow of K+" are correct.

Question 16

A substance is found to have the same effect as acetylcholinesterase, but acts at a much faster rate. What effect would this substance have at a cholinergic synapse?

Accepted Answer

A)   It would greatly reduce synaptic communication by depleting ACh levels in the synaptic cleft.
B)   It would enhance synaptic communication by concentrating ACh in the synaptic cleft.
C)   It reduce synaptic communication by destroying ACh receptors on the post-synaptic membrane.
D)   It would enhance synaptic communication by increasing the post-synaptic cells' sensitivity to ACh.

Question 17

Nervous tissue of the CNS that is composed primarily of myelinated axons is often referred to as ________ matter.

Accepted Answer

A)   white
B)   gray
C)   dark
D)   light

Question 18

-Identify structure "E" on the neuron.
A) Schwann cell
B) Node of Ranvier
C) Neuron cell body (soma)
D) Dendrites
E) Axon

Accepted Answer

The answer of 
-Identify structure "E" on the neuron.
A) Schwann...

Question 19

Most metabolic and regulatory functions in a neuron happen where?

Accepted Answer

A)   The axon
B)   The cell body or soma
C)   The dendrites
D)   The axon hillock
E)   The Schwann cell

Question 20

In some cells, an afterpotential occurs because

Accepted Answer

A)   the Na+ continue to enter the cell after depolarization is finished.
B)   there is prolonged, elevated permeability to K+ during repolarization.
C)   the sodium-potassium pump is actively exchanging ions across the membrane.
D)   the extracellular Na+ concentration is reduced.
E)   the permeability to Na+ continues longer than necessary.

Exam 11: Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Most metabolic and regulatory functions in a neuron happen where?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hydrocephaly is a condition whereby cerebrospinal fluid accumulates around the brain. Which supportive cells continue CSF production despite it backing up in the subarachnoid space?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gray matter on the surface of the brain is called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-Identify structure "E" on the neuron. A) Schwann cell B) Node of Ranvier C) Neuron cell body (soma) D) Dendrites E) Axon

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the charge difference across the plasma membrane is decreased,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When two or more presynaptic neurons synapse with a single postsynaptic neuron in the CNS, a/an ________ pathway is formed.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In some cells, an afterpotential occurs because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When repolarization of a neuron is complete, the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these is an example of an EPSP in a typical neuron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Low levels of ________ can have dire consequences on the functioning of neurons because of its role in membrane repolarization.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the following concerning concentration differences across the plasma membrane. -Higher concentration outside cell

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If five action potentials arrive at the same synapse in very close succession, which of the following would occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are typical characteristics of neurotransmitters except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nervous tissue of the CNS that is composed primarily of myelinated axons is often referred to as ________ matter.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ are glial cells that are macrophages.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person who has seizures might have a deficit of which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) can result from the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the term with the correct definition. -Local potential

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A substance is found to have the same effect as acetylcholinesterase, but acts at a much faster rate. What effect would this substance have at a cholinergic synapse?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Receptor molecules in synapses

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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