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Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers of the head travel within the


A) facial nerve.
B) accessory nerve.
C) trigeminal nerve.
D) vestibulocochlear nerve.

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Congenital megacolon, or Hirschsprungʹs disease, is a birth defect in which the innervation of the distal region of the large intestine fails to develop normally.

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Postganglionic sympathetic fibers release norepinephrine and are called cholinergic fibers.

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Adrenergic postganglionic neurons release the hormones norepinephrine and epinephrine.

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A descriptive term that identifies the type of neurotransmitter released by sympathetic postganglionic fibers.


A) medulla
B) adrenergic
C) postganglionic neuron
D) cholinergic
E) none of the above

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Describe the correct pathway that a nerve impulse to blood vessels and hair follicles (glands and arrector pili muscles) in the dermis must travel using the following structures: ventral ramus, dorsal root, ventral root, sympathetic trunk, gray ramus communicans, white ramus communicans, and spinal nerve.

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Efferent impulses leave the spinal cord ...

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Visceral pain results from all the following except


A) cutting of an organ.
B) excessive stretch of an organ.
C) chemical irritation of an organ.
D) inflammation of an organ.

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The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of


A) sympathetic stimulation.
B) reflex control.
C) vagus nerve activity.
D) parasympathetic innervation.

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Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the


A) thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine.
B) craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine.
C) thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine.
D) craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine.

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The adrenal medulla is stimulated by preganglionic neurons localized to gray matter of the spinal cord


A) in the cervical region.
B) in the lower lumbar region.
C) in the lower thoracic region.
D) in the upper thoracic region.

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The part of the brain that exerts more control over autonomic functioning than any other part is the


A) cerebellum.
B) hypothalamus.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) thalamus.

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Preganglionic fibers are myelinated, whereas postganglionic fibers are unmyelinated.

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This division can also be called the craniosacral division.


A) parasympathetic division
B) sympathetic division
C) autonomic nervous system

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