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Clinically, the posterior interventricular artery is referred to as the


A) left artery ascending.
B) posterior descending artery.
C) left artery descending.
D) posterior ascending artery.

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A penetrating stab wound to the heart wall that causes blood to leak into the pericardial cavity would result in


A) endocarditis.
B) cardiac tamponade.
C) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
D) myocardial infarction.

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If the beating heart makes a ʺlub-dupʺ sound, the ʺdupʺ sound is caused by


A) the apex of the heart hitting the anterior chest wall.
B) vibrations that result from the semilunar valves slamming shut.
C) a stenotic atrioventricular valve.
D) the large force of the contracting ventricles.

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The region between the right and left pleural cavities is the


A) pericardial cavity.
B) mediastinum.
C) peritoneal cavity.
D) vertebral cavity.
E) pulmonary cavity.

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A heart valve that fails to close properly is considered to be or to exhibit insufficiency.

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The heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


A) left atrium
B) left ventricle
C) right auricle
D) right atrium
E) right ventricle

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The tricuspid valve is closed


A) when the ventricle is in systole.
B) while the atrium is contracting.
C) while the ventricle is in diastole.
D) by movement of blood from atrium to ventricle.

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A condition in which the ventricles are unable to pump blood efficiently because of rapid, random contraction of cardiac muscle fibers is called


A) atrial fibrillation.
B) congestive heart failure.
C) pulmonary arterial hypertension.
D) ventricular fibrillation.

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Cells of the conducting system located between the AV node and bundle branches.


A) trabeculae carneae
B) papillary muscles
C) crista terminalis
D) atrioventricular bundle
E) pectinate muscles

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The ʺheartstringsʺ are


A) trabeculae carneae.
B) chordae tendineae.
C) cusps of the atrioventricular valves.
D) papillary muscles.

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Compare the difference between incompetent and stenotic heart valves.

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Incompetent heart valves are valves that...

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Which structure develops from the embryological chamber called the sinus venosus?


A) the right ventricle
B) the left atrium
C) the pulmonary trunk
D) sinoatrial (SA) node

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Which of the following veins does not deliver blood directly to the right atrium?


A) coronary sinus
B) superior vena cava
C) the great cardiac veins
D) inferior vena cava

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At which corner point of the heart does one listen for the sound of the closing aortic semilunar valve?


A) inferior right
B) inferior left
C) superior left
D) superior right

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Heart block interferes with the ability of the ventricles to receive the pacing impulses of the conducting system.

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Death of heart musculature due to lack of oxygen.


A) myocardial infarction
B) cardiac tamponade
C) heart block
D) ventricular fibrillation
E) valve insufficiency

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Papillary muscles are horizontal ridges in the walls of the atrium.

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