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What is the most important characteristic used to distinguish dysthymia from major depression?


A) The types of symptoms the person has.
B) The length of time the person has had the symptoms.
C) Whether or not there are occasional brief periods of normal moods during the disorder.
D) How severe the symptoms are.

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Which of the following is true?


A) Unipolar disorder is more strongly inherited than bipolar disorder.
B) Bipolar disorder is more strongly inherited than unipolar disorder.
C) Both unipolar and bipolar disorders have a strong genetic contribution.
D) Neither unipolar nor bipolar disorders have a strong genetic contribution.

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A person who shows psychotic depression that involves mood-incongruent thinking


A) rarely shows the symptoms of melancholia.
B) has a poorer prognosis than others with major depression.
C) usually responds rapidly to anti-depressant medications.
D) is diagnosed as having "double depression."

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"Normal" depression becomes a mood disorder when


A) there is no identifiable cause for it.
B) it lasts for more than a month.
C) it ceases to be justified and adaptive.
D) the degree of impairment is judged severe enough to warrant a diagnosis.

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A depressed individual who experiences delusions would be diagnosed with major depressive disorder with atypical features.

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Many people who are depressed


A) enter REM sleep at a normal time, but have very slow and mild rapid eye movements and have less overall time in REM sleep than normal.
B) enter REM sleep earlier than normal and have larger amounts of REM sleep early in the night.
C) show very little REM sleep, instead they spend large amounts of time in the deeper stages 3 and 4) of sleep.
D) do not enter REM sleep until much later in the night than normal and have smaller amounts of REM sleep throughout the night than normal.

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A manic episode always involves significant impairment in functioning.

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Although bipolar I disorder is described as "bipolar,"


A) both depressed and manic symptoms typically occur simultaneously.
B) a year or two commonly passes between manic and depressed episodes.
C) few patients show both manic and depressed symptoms.
D) a depressed episode is not necessary for a diagnosis.

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Which of the following would eliminate a potential diagnosis of cyclothymia?


A) Gil had been showing both hypomanic and depressed symptoms for over three years.
B) Between her more recent episodes, Carla functioned quite well for 3 weeks.
C) Carol was absolutely convinced that her mother wanted to kill her, although there was no evidence for this.
D) Bob's most recent hypomanic episode lasted 3 days.

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Which variable has been found to be strongly linked to relapse in depression?


A) Criticism.
B) Denial.
C) Unrealistic hopefulness.
D) Living together without being married.

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