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The endospores of which of the following microbes are used to measure the effectiveness of autoclave sterilization?


A) Bacillus stearothermophilus
B) Mycobacterium bovis
C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
D) Clostridium botulinum
E) Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Which of the following would be used to sterilize a mattress?


A) heavy metals
B) ethylene oxide
C) autoclaving
D) radiation
E) formaldehyde

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Antimicrobial agents that damage nucleic acids also affect


A) the cell membrane.
B) the cell wall.
C) the viral envelope.
D) endospores.
E) protein synthesis.

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Microbial growth in jellies is inhibited by the (acidic/hypotonic/hypertonic) condition of the food.

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Heavy metal and oxidizing agent disinfectants damage (proteins/DNA/membranes), interfering with microbial metabolism.

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The chemical agents known as "quats" are used for


A) antisepsis.
B) quantifying antimicrobial activity.
C) disinfection.
D) neither antisepsis nor disinfection.
E) sterilization.

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Which of the following types of radiation is nonionizing and has the shortest wavelength?


A) infrared radiation
B) X- rays
C) gamma rays
D) ultraviolet light
E) microwaves

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No chemical or antimicrobial agents inactivate prions.

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Which of the following statements is TRUE of disinfectants?


A) They are used on inanimate surfaces.
B) They are only effective for short periods of time (seconds to minutes) .
C) They are effective in destroying endospores.
D) They are used for sterilization.
E) They are used on living tissue.

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Gamma irradiation is a process for


A) antisepsis.
B) disinfection.
C) degerming.
D) sterilization.
E) both antisepsis and disinfection.

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The amount of time needed to sterilize materials using moist heat is (more/less) than the time needed to sterilize using dry heat.

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An instrument that will come into contact with only the skin of a patient should be disinfected with a(n)


A) high- level germicide.
B) intermediate- level germicide.
C) low- level germicide.
D) degerming agent only.
E) germistatic agent only.

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The compound ethylene oxide is used in


A) sterilization.
B) sanitization.
C) disinfection.
D) degerming.
E) antisepsis.

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Which of the following antimicrobial agents is the most toxic to humans?


A) quats
B) iodophors
C) 70% alcohol
D) ethylene oxide
E) chloramines

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The pH conditions under which a chemical disinfectant is used do not alter its efficacy.

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