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Exam 6: Methodological Control in Experimental Research

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Question 1

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A between-subjects design

A) is also known as a repeated-measures design
B) must deal with the problem of equivalent groups
C) includes a minimum of two independent variables
D) must include a subject variable

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Question 2

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If subjects are tested once in each condition,

A) a Latin square can be used to accomplish counterbalancing
B) the study is by definition a between-subjects design
C) reverse counterbalancing is the best technique to use to control order effects
D) complete counterbalancing cannot be used

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Question 3

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The performance of participants in a within-subjects design sometimes deteriorates because of fatigue or boredom. This problem is known as

Blocked random assignment is sometimes used in order to

Demand characteristics, and therefore subject bias, can be reduced by using

In a study by Sigall and Ostrove (1975) , participants recommended jail sentences for "Barbara Helm." The study is a good example of

In a study with three conditions in which participants are tested in each condition more than once, reverse counterbalancing would produce which of the following sequences?

Which of the following is not an important factor in determining whether to use matching as a technique for creating equivalent groups?

What do random assignment and matching have in common?

In a memory study, each subject learns six lists of words. A researcher decides to use a Latin square to determine the order in which lists will be shown. Which of the following is true?

Compared to a longitudinal study, a cross-sectional study

Terman's studies of gifted children have been criticized because

Longitudinal design is to cross-sectional design as ______ is to _______.

In a taste test comparing popcorn brands A, B, C and D, the experimenter decides to use complete counterbalancing. Assuming that one subject will be tested in each of the sequences used, how many people will be needed to complete the study?

In a taste test comparing popcorn brands A, B, and C, participants only try each brand once, and an equal number of subjects experience each of the six possible sequences. Which type of counterbalancing is being used?

In a taste test comparing popcorn brands A, B, C, and D, the experimenter decides to use a Latin square for counterbalancing. Assuming that ten participants will be tested in each of the sequences used, how many people will be needed to complete the study?

As a technique for creating equivalent groups, when is matching preferred over random assignment?

Over a series of trials, participants experiencing one order of conditions might have an advantage over participants experiencing another order. These effects are called

If participants only experience each of the study's conditions one time, then all of the following counterbalancing techniques can be used except

When deciding to use matching, which of the following is unimportant as a factor contributing to the decision?