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Which of the following statements is FALSE?


A) Osseous tissue gets its "hardness" and ability to withstand compressive forces from the crystallized inorganic mineral salts located in the matrix.
B) Spongy bone does not have osteons, nor does it have lamellae, lacunae, or an osteocyte population.
C) Collagen fibers provide the ability to withstand tensile forces and are found in the osseous matrix, giving bone its flexibility.
D) The periosteum is a tough sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the bone's surface wherever it is not covered with articular cartilage.
E) Compact bone is characterized by osteons, structures that consist of a central canal, concentric lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes and canaliculi.

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Which of the following is best described as a short bone?


A) parietal bone
B) femur
C) humerus
D) talus (a tarsal bone)
E) sternum

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In the diagram, where is the zone of resting cartilage? In the diagram, where is the zone of resting cartilage?   A)  A B)  B C)  C D)  D E)  E


A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

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Which hormone promotes bone resorption?


A) calcitriol
B) calcitonin
C) human growth hormone
D) parathyroid hormone
E) insulin

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Which of the following structures contains osteocytes?


A) central or haversian canals
B) perforating or volkmann's canals
C) lamellae
D) lacunae
E) canaliculi

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In the diagram, where is the central or haversian canal? In the diagram, where is the central or haversian canal?   A)  C B)  A C)  E D)  F E)  D


A) C
B) A
C) E
D) F
E) D

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This is a structure of a long bone that contains adipocytes that store nutrients.


A) diaphysis
B) epiphysis
C) metaphysis
D) periosteum
E) yellow marrow

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List and briefly describe the six main functions of the skeletal system.

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The skeletal system is used for support ...

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Remodeling of bones has certain advantages. Which of these is NOT true?


A) Injured bone can be healed by replacing the damaged tissue.
B) New osseous tissue is stronger and less brittle than old osseous tissue.
C) Bone extracellular matrix is redistributed along the lines of stress.
D) Shape is altered to make the bone strong where there is greatest need.
E) Exercise and heavier loads on a bone lead to thinner but stronger osseous tissue.

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Which of these is FALSE regarding sesamoid bones?


A) Sesamoid bones develop in particular tendons where there is friction and tension.
B) Sesamoid bones can change the direction the tendon pulls to increase the mechanical advantage at the joint.
C) The elbow and knee are the only locations where sesamoid bones develop.
D) Sesamoid bones vary in number from person to person.
E) The two largest sesamoid bones are the patellae; most of the sesamoid bones are only millimeters in diameter.

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These are considered bone-dissolving cells.


A) osteogenic
B) osteoclast
C) oscteocytes
D) osteoblasts
E) all of these choices

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In the diagram, which bone is the flat bone? In the diagram, which bone is the flat bone?   A)  A B)  B C)  C D)  D E)  E


A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

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Where in the diagram is the metaphysis? Where in the diagram is the metaphysis?   A)  A B)  B C)  C D)  D E)  E


A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

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The epiphyseal plate of a long bone is made of which of these types of tissue?


A) elastic cartilage
B) hyaline cartilage
C) fibrocartilage
D) dense fibrous connective tissue
E) loose areolar connective tissue

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These are extensions of the lacunae and are filled with extracellular fluid.


A) perforating or volkmann's canals
B) central or haversian canals
C) osteons
D) canaliculi
E) periosteum

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Which of these is an attachment point for ligaments and tendons?


A) diaphysis
B) metaphysis
C) epiphysis
D) endosteum
E) periosteum

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List and briefly describe the six main functions of the skeletal system.

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The skeletal system is used for support ...

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This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in the joint.


A) periosteum
B) distal epiphysis
C) nutrient foramen
D) articular cartilage
E) epiphyseal plate

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Which type of bone is the femur?


A) long bone
B) short bone
C) flat bone
D) irregular bone
E) sesamoid bone

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Which of the following structures are NOT part of an osteon?


A) canaliculi
B) lamellae
C) osteocytes
D) lacunae
E) trabeculae

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