A) Osseous tissue gets its "hardness" and ability to withstand compressive forces from the crystallized inorganic mineral salts located in the matrix.
B) Spongy bone does not have osteons, nor does it have lamellae, lacunae, or an osteocyte population.
C) Collagen fibers provide the ability to withstand tensile forces and are found in the osseous matrix, giving bone its flexibility.
D) The periosteum is a tough sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the bone's surface wherever it is not covered with articular cartilage.
E) Compact bone is characterized by osteons, structures that consist of a central canal, concentric lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes and canaliculi.
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A) parietal bone
B) femur
C) humerus
D) talus (a tarsal bone)
E) sternum
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A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
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A) calcitriol
B) calcitonin
C) human growth hormone
D) parathyroid hormone
E) insulin
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A) central or haversian canals
B) perforating or volkmann's canals
C) lamellae
D) lacunae
E) canaliculi
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A) C
B) A
C) E
D) F
E) D
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Multiple Choice
A) diaphysis
B) epiphysis
C) metaphysis
D) periosteum
E) yellow marrow
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Essay
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Multiple Choice
A) Injured bone can be healed by replacing the damaged tissue.
B) New osseous tissue is stronger and less brittle than old osseous tissue.
C) Bone extracellular matrix is redistributed along the lines of stress.
D) Shape is altered to make the bone strong where there is greatest need.
E) Exercise and heavier loads on a bone lead to thinner but stronger osseous tissue.
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Multiple Choice
A) Sesamoid bones develop in particular tendons where there is friction and tension.
B) Sesamoid bones can change the direction the tendon pulls to increase the mechanical advantage at the joint.
C) The elbow and knee are the only locations where sesamoid bones develop.
D) Sesamoid bones vary in number from person to person.
E) The two largest sesamoid bones are the patellae; most of the sesamoid bones are only millimeters in diameter.
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Multiple Choice
A) osteogenic
B) osteoclast
C) oscteocytes
D) osteoblasts
E) all of these choices
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A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
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A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
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A) elastic cartilage
B) hyaline cartilage
C) fibrocartilage
D) dense fibrous connective tissue
E) loose areolar connective tissue
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Multiple Choice
A) perforating or volkmann's canals
B) central or haversian canals
C) osteons
D) canaliculi
E) periosteum
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Multiple Choice
A) diaphysis
B) metaphysis
C) epiphysis
D) endosteum
E) periosteum
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Essay
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Multiple Choice
A) periosteum
B) distal epiphysis
C) nutrient foramen
D) articular cartilage
E) epiphyseal plate
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Multiple Choice
A) long bone
B) short bone
C) flat bone
D) irregular bone
E) sesamoid bone
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Multiple Choice
A) canaliculi
B) lamellae
C) osteocytes
D) lacunae
E) trabeculae
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