Question 1

Discuss the two obligate traits, including specific anatomical features, that first emerge in the pre-australopithecines to eventually become firmly established in australopithecines.

Accepted Answer

The distinguishing characteristics of ho...

Question 2

Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include

Accepted Answer

A)   small front teeth and large back teeth.
B)   a small brain and a large body.
C)   a big face and a sagittal crest.
D)   small front teeth, large back teeth, a big face, and a sagittal crest.

Question 3

The earliest australopithecines first show up in the fossil record more than ________ mya.

Accepted Answer

A)   0.5
B)   1
C)   2
D)   4

Question 4

Using tools and toolmaking is an adaptation by hominins linked to

Accepted Answer

A)   improved diet.
B)   bipedalism.
C)   sleeping.
D)   becoming larger.

Question 5

Given that chimpanzees and humans are closely related, it is not surprising that early pre-australopithecines such as Ardipithecus ramidus had a

Accepted Answer

A)   large brain, as Darwin predicted.
B)   very humanlike skull.
C)   lower body that is adapted for climbing and an upper body that is adapted for bipedal walking.
D)   small brain, a long forearm, and evidence of good climbing ability in the pelvis.

Question 6

Hominins have canines that are

Accepted Answer

A)   small, blunt, and nonprojecting, with no diastema.
B)   large and pointed, with a diastema.
C)   projecting, with a diastema.
D)   part of a honing complex.

Question 7

Bipedalism's advantages over quadrupedalism include

Accepted Answer

A)   an increased ability to see greater distances and to carry food.
B)   the ability to run faster.
C)   the ability to evade detection by standing very still.
D)   the more rapid evolution of a large brain.

Question 8

Australopithecus robustus was likely the longest-surviving species of australopithecine in South Africa.It had

Accepted Answer

A)   a big brain, big teeth, and a big face.
B)   large molars, a big face, and a sagittal crest.
C)   a large body, large teeth, and a sagittal crest.
D)   a big face, large teeth, and a large body.

Question 9

Australopithecus garhi has been proposed as an ancestor for Homo mainly because it

Accepted Answer

A)   had a bigger brain than other australopithecines.
B)   had smaller molar teeth than other australopithecines.
C)   had longer legs relative to arm length than other australopithecines.
D)   was bipedal.

Question 10

The earliest pre-australopithecine found outside the East African Rift Valley is

Accepted Answer

A)   Orrorin tugenensis.
B)   Ardipithecus kadabba.
C)   Sahelanthropus tchadensis.
D)   Ardipithecus ramidus.

Question 11

The discovery of Kenyanthropus platyops, with its somewhat unexpected morphology for its time period, was important mainly because it

Accepted Answer

A)   had a small brain like an ape's.
B)   was discovered in Kenya.
C)   showed diversity in the hominin fossil record 3.5 mya.
D)   probably lived in woodlands.

Question 12

You find a fossil that you are sure shows evidence of bipedalism.You know this because which of the following anatomical traits is present?

Accepted Answer

A)   a narrow pelvis
B)   a posterior position of the foramen magnum
C)   an opposable hallux
D)   thighbones that angle in toward the knees

Question 13

Thick dental enamel in ________ helps with crushing food.

Accepted Answer

A)   apes
B)   australopithecines
C)   humans
D)   all primates

Question 14

Australopithecus garhi may be the ancestor of

Accepted Answer

A)   Homo habilis.
B)   Australopithecus afarensis.
C)   Orrorin tugenensis.
D)   Homo sapiens.

Question 15

The temporalis muscle

Accepted Answer

A)   connects the masseter muscle to the jaw.
B)   is a powerful muscle that runs from near the top of the head to the lower part of the jaw.
C)   is found in hominins but not great apes.
D)   is found in all of the primates except humans.

Question 16

Ecological evidence from the site where Ardi was found shows that early hominins

Accepted Answer

A)   lived in a lush jungle.
B)   lived in a savanna.
C)   lived in a forest.
D)   migrated out of the area due to drought.

Question 17

Which of the following are among the "seven steps of bipedalism"?

Accepted Answer

A)   opposable thumb, nails instead of claws, convergent eyes, longitudinal arch in the foot
B)   opposable big toe, length of the leg, convergent eyes, backward-facing foramen magnum
C)   opposable big toe, length of the leg, S-shaped spine, downward-facing foramen magnum
D)   opposable big toe, nails instead of claws, convergent eyes, longitudinal arch in the foot

Question 18

Which of the following is a derived trait of Sahelanthropus tchadensis?

Accepted Answer

A)   big toe opposability
B)   larger body size
C)   length of the calcaneus
D)   nonhoning chewing

Question 19

Peter Rodman proposed that human evolution was linked to ________ while Owen Lovejoy suggested the best explanation was ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the increased efficiency in walking as forests transformed to wooded environments; the ability to carry food in order to provision family members
B)   the ability to carry food in order to provision family members; increased efficiency in walking as forests transformed to wooded environments
C)   the ability to make and use stone tools; the loss of the diastema and evolution of thick enamel
D)   the early emergence of a large brain; the later emergence of a large brain

Question 20

Robust australopithecines were extinct by ________ mya.

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   3
C)   4
D)   5

Exam 10: Early Hominin Origins and Evolution: The Roots of Humanity

The temporalis muscle

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Which of the following are among the "seven steps of bipedalism"?

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Peter Rodman proposed that human evolution was linked to ________ while Owen Lovejoy suggested the best explanation was ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Thick dental enamel in ________ helps with crushing food.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Australopithecus robustus was likely the longest-surviving species of australopithecine in South Africa.It had

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You find a fossil that you are sure shows evidence of bipedalism.You know this because which of the following anatomical traits is present?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a derived trait of Sahelanthropus tchadensis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Robust australopithecines were extinct by ________ mya.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Australopithecus garhi may be the ancestor of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the two obligate traits, including specific anatomical features, that first emerge in the pre-australopithecines to eventually become firmly established in australopithecines.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe distinguishing characteristics of ho...View AnswerShow Answer

Using tools and toolmaking is an adaptation by hominins linked to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Given that chimpanzees and humans are closely related, it is not surprising that early pre-australopithecines such as Ardipithecus ramidus had a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Australopithecus garhi has been proposed as an ancestor for Homo mainly because it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ecological evidence from the site where Ardi was found shows that early hominins

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hominins have canines that are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The earliest australopithecines first show up in the fossil record more than ________ mya.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The discovery of Kenyanthropus platyops, with its somewhat unexpected morphology for its time period, was important mainly because it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bipedalism's advantages over quadrupedalism include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The earliest pre-australopithecine found outside the East African Rift Valley is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Peter Rodman proposed that human evolution was linked to while Owen Lovejoy suggested the best explanation was .

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The distinguishing characteristics of ho...
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