A) Most poor southern whites identified with planters based on their shared whiteness and rights to political participation.
B) Most poor southern whites resented planters because the planters alone could vote.
C) Most poor southern whites identified with the planter class because most southern whites owned slaves.
D) Most poor southern whites agreed with northern criticisms of slavery.
E) Most poor southern whites agreed with Andrew Johnson's criticism of the planter "slavocracy."
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A) were rare because there were too few female slaves.
B) were more common in the West Indies, where living conditions favored their formation and survival.
C) were headed by women more frequently than were white families.
D) usually were able to stay together because most slaveowners were paternalistic.
E) avoided naming children for family members because children so often were sold, and it was better not to build strong kinship ties.
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A) Because slaves were property, a master could kill any of his slaves for any reason.
B) Slaves were legally permitted to possess guns if guns were necessary for their work (tasks such as scaring birds away from rice fields, for example) .
C) Laws specifically provided for a slave to be taught to read and write if the master so chose.
D) A slave could, with permission from his or her master, testify against a white person in court.
E) Slaves accused of serious crimes were entitled to their day in court, although they faced all-white judges and juries.
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A) celebrated how the weak could outsmart the more powerful.
B) borrowed heavily from English folktales but added some African elements.
C) formed the basis of Uncle Tom's Cabin.
D) introduced the character Paul Bunyan to American culture.
E) were largely unknown until the making of a series of animated films in the twentieth century.
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A) 10 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 40 percent
D) 55 percent
E) 75 percent
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A) It was unlike anything else in the world's history
B) It had been opposed by a majority of the nation's presidents
C) Despite the rhetoric, it was an economic drain on southern society
D) It affected only a small portion of the southern population
E) It set the South apart from the North
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A) nearly captured a fort in Charleston, South Carolina.
B) led to a Supreme Court decision freeing the slaves.
C) inspired the gag rule.
D) took place off the coast of Virginia.
E) helped establish the Republic of Haiti.
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A) They had reached British soil and were therefore emancipated.
B) They were free according to the provisions of New York State law.
C) They had been brought from Africa in violation of the international ban on the slave trade.
D) As they had not yet been purchased by any white owner, they were still free men.
E) They shared the same constitutional rights as any American.
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A) southern planters
B) plantation mistresses
C) slaves in the American South
D) free blacks
E) southern yeoman farmers
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A) It was created by Harriet Tubman following her escape from slavery.
B) Three of its "conductors" were jailed for treason and held until the beginning of the Civil War.
C) It began in New Orleans and reached south to Mexico City.
D) It focused on helping escaped slaves reach either free states or Canada.
E) By the time of the Civil War, it is believed to have helped 100,000 slaves to reach freedom.
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A) More than 2 million enslaved people were sold during this time.
B) The states of the Upper South were known as "importing" states, because of the vast number of slaves they purchased from the Lower South.
C) Slave trading was illegal and took place in secret.
D) Cotton Kingdom states refused to take part in slave trading.
E) Southern states and municipalities did not tax the sale of slaves, because slave trades were performed off the books.
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A) Slaves should be formally married in a church.
B) Slaves would be lost without the care and guidance of their owners.
C) Slave women should be excused from work while they were pregnant or had small children.
D) Slaves should be taught to read the Bible.
E) Slave children should attend planation schools until the age of ten.
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A) The slave population outnumbered the white population for the first time.
B) Virginia became the first southern state to abolish slavery.
C) The U.S. Supreme Court decided in favor of the slaves aboard the Amistad.
D) William Lloyd Garrison's abolitionist journal, The Liberator, ceased publication.
E) The proslavery argument became more strident as forces seemed to be aligning against slavery.
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A) Alabama
B) Maryland
C) South Carolina
D) Florida
E) Mississippi
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A) reflected the hierarchical society in which the planter took responsibility for the lives of those around him.
B) declined after the War of 1812 as southern society became more centered on market relations rather than on personal relations.
C) suffered because southern slaveholders lived among their slaves, so that the groups' constant exposure to each other made southern slavery more openly violent than elsewhere.
D) brought southern society closer to northern ideals.
E) encouraged southern women to become more active and better educated so that they could help their husbands in their paternal roles.
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A) being whipped
B) not being taught to read
C) not being fed
D) having to work in a cotton field
E) a family member being sold
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A) The responsibility of a slave to obey his or her master is implied by the commandment to "Obey your mother and father."
B) Slavery is mentioned in both the Old and New Testaments, and expressly condemned in neither location.
C) According to a "lost book" of the New Testament, Jesus himself owned slaves.
D) Slave-owning tribes mentioned in the Bible, such as that of Abraham, were far more holy than those that did not own slaves.
E) It was not man's place to free someone that God had willed should be born into slavery.
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