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Exam 1: Introduction to Statistics and Research

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Question 1

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A researcher investigates whether there is a relationship between hours of sleep and memory for photographs by having 40 people sleep in the laboratory and waking 20 of the participants after 4 hours of sleep and the others after 8 hours of sleep.After they are awakened, each participant is asked to study 21 photographs and then recall as many details from the photographs as possible.In this study, what is 8 hours of sleep?

A) The independent variable
B) The dependent variable
C) The sample
D) A condition of the independent variable

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Question 2

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A dependent variable is so named because it is dependent on

A) a participant's reaction to a condition.
B) the experimenter's behavior.
C) the participant's personality.
D) the level of measurement.

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Question 3

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Suppose a teacher is interested in surveying her students' attitudes about various social issues.On the day of the survey, everyone is present and takes it except for one student who is absent).Can we conclude that a population has been measured in this example? Why or why not?

Numbers obtained from a sample are known as

Suppose you are interested in how participants behave in different color conditions.You select 30 participants and assign them to one of three rooms.The rooms differ only with respect to the color of the walls.One room is white, one is pale blue, and a third is bright red.Each participant is served a meal of a hamburger and french fries, and you then measure how long it takes them to finish eating.What would be the independent variable in this study?

Quantitative variables particularly measure

Why is an independent variable so named?

Gender is a clear example of a/an_____________________________ variable.

In statistics, a sample is

Dr.Thompson has randomly assigned participants to walk for 30, 5, or 0 minutes and then measures their mood.How many conditions are present in this study?

The income of lawyers their first year after law school would be an example of what type of variable?

Variables that are more appropriate to categorize tend to fall on the________ scale.

A representative sample is one

In research, the aspects of the situation or behavior we measure are called

Simone observed a group of adults at the local shopping mall.She recorded the length of time in minutes) they stayed and the number of purchases they made, and then analyzed her data to see if there was a relationship between these two variables.What type of study is this called?

Mason is conducting a study on the effect of computer-based training on the math ability of seventh-graders.He randomly assigns one group of students to use a computer-based training method and another group of students to use workbooks.In this study, what would we view math ability as being?

The individuals measured in a sample are called the

When a change in the scores of one variable is accompanied by a consistent change in the scores of another variable, we have what is known as a

Correlational studies primarily are done to

Suppose you are interested in how participants behave in different color conditions.You select 30 participants and assign them to one of three rooms.The rooms differ only with respect to the color of the walls.One room is white, one is pale blue, and a third is bright red.Each participant is served a meal of a hamburger and french fries, and you then measure how long it takes them to finish eating.What are the conditions of the independent variable?