Question 1

George Miller demonstrated that short-term memory capacity for digits was:

Accepted Answer

A)   between 10 and 20 digits.
B)   virtually unlimited.
C)   about 3 digits.
D)   between 5 and 9 digits.

Question 2

Which of these scientists is responsible for the number of digits in a standard phone number without the area code?

Accepted Answer

A)   John Locke
B)   Edward Thorndike
C)   David Rumelhart
D)   George Miller

Question 3

Describe the methods Hermann Ebbinghaus used for studying memory.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Include desc...

Question 4

After a pigeon learns to peck at a green light, the pigeon also pecks at a light that is a slightly different shade of green. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   the learning curve.
B)   the law of effect.
C)   extinction.
D)   generalization.

Question 5

In a distributed representation, information is stored in the:

Accepted Answer

A)   pattern of activation across many nodes.
B)   activity of a single node.
C)   comparison of the activity between two nodes.
D)   timing of the activation of two nodes.

Question 6

If experimenters play a very loud buzzer, a rat will be startled. If they repeatedly flash a light before the buzzer is played, the rat will eventually be startled by the light alone. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   generalization.
B)   classical conditioning.
C)   the law of effect.
D)   instrumental conditioning.

Question 7

That Ebbinghaus served as his own participant was problematic because:

Accepted Answer

A)   his expectations might have influenced the results.
B)   he could not manipulate an independent variable.
C)   his studies were double-blind.
D)   he didn't have any experimenter bias.

Question 8

Mathematical psychology was established by:

Accepted Answer

A)   Edward Tolman.
B)   William James.
C)   B. F. Skinner.
D)   W. K. Estes.

Question 9

If one is driven to the school by a friend each day, one will probably learn the route and be able to use it later on, even though there is no reward for using it. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   generalization.
B)   latent learning.
C)   the law of effect.
D)   a placebo effect.

Question 10

Gary attended a party and bumped into a friend he had not seen in years. Seeing the friend immediately triggered memories of things they had done together. Which idea about memory does this example demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)   nativism
B)   dualism
C)   associationism
D)   empiricism

Question 11

An experimenter is interested in determining whether drug X will improve people's memories. The experimenter administers drug X to one group and nothing to another group, and then measures how well each group can recall a passage of text. Explain how experimenter bias and subject bias could be problems in this study. How could each problem be overcome?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Experimenter bias-if t...

Question 12

Which theorist was inspired by Edward Tolman to pursue the study of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)   John B. Watson
B)   William James
C)   B. F. Skinner
D)   Edward Thorndike

Question 13

In studying memory, Ebbinghaus was concerned that his data would be affected by the fact that he was more familiar with some words than others. He avoided this problem by using:

Accepted Answer

A)   real words that were familiar but very short.
B)   real words that were unfamiliar to him.
C)   three-letter nonsense words.
D)   strings of digits.

Question 14

What was Gordon Bower's concern regarding reporting average learning curves for a large group of people?

Accepted Answer

A)   The average may demonstrate incremental learning even if all individuals demonstrate learning by insight.
B)   The results may not be generalizable to other groups of people.
C)   The average fails to distinguish between slow and quick learners.
D)   The results from lab experiments may not apply to the real world.

Question 15

The view that all the ideas are the result of experience is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   associationism.
B)   dualism.
C)   empiricism.
D)   nativism.

Question 16

According to _____, attending a soccer game might activate a memory of having attended a hockey game the previous day because there would be an association between some of the components the two events have in common.

Accepted Answer

A)   William James
B)   Charles Darwin
C)   René Descartes
D)   Francis Galton

Question 17

Which theorist was considered an empiricist?

Accepted Answer

A)   Plato
B)   Charles Darwin
C)   Francis Galton
D)   Aristotle

Question 18

Pavlov paired a bell with food until a dog learned to salivate in response to the bell. To produce extinction, Pavlov:

Accepted Answer

A)   rang the bell more quietly.
B)   paired the bell with a different kind of food.
C)   stopped ringing the bell.
D)   paired the bell with the absence of food.

Question 19

Connectionist models propose that learning and memory involve:

Accepted Answer

A)   the storage and manipulation of symbols and labeled links.
B)   networks of uniform and unlabeled connections.
C)   random sampling of possible elements associated with a stimulus.
D)   a one-step process of going from ignorance to knowledge in a single trial.

Question 20

The law of effect predicts which statement?

Accepted Answer

A)   If a tone is played while the dog is provided food, the dog will eventually salivate in response to the tone.
B)   If a child is scratched by a black cat, the child will fear all cats, not just black ones.
C)   If one remembers a couple of phone numbers a few hours after being told, one is less likely to forget them later.
D)   If a teenager is grounded for taking the car without permission, he will ask for permission next time.

Exam 1: Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

After a pigeon learns to peck at a green light, the pigeon also pecks at a light that is a slightly different shade of green. This is an example of:

Correct Answer
verified

Gary attended a party and bumped into a friend he had not seen in years. Seeing the friend immediately triggered memories of things they had done together. Which idea about memory does this example demonstrate?

Correct Answer
verified

That Ebbinghaus served as his own participant was problematic because:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these scientists is responsible for the number of digits in a standard phone number without the area code?

Correct Answer
verified

In studying memory, Ebbinghaus was concerned that his data would be affected by the fact that he was more familiar with some words than others. He avoided this problem by using:

Correct Answer
verified

Which theorist was considered an empiricist?

Correct Answer
verified

If one is driven to the school by a friend each day, one will probably learn the route and be able to use it later on, even though there is no reward for using it. This is an example of:

Correct Answer
verified

Connectionist models propose that learning and memory involve:

Correct Answer
verified

The law of effect predicts which statement?

Correct Answer
verified

Which theorist was inspired by Edward Tolman to pursue the study of learning?

Correct Answer
verified

Mathematical psychology was established by:

Correct Answer
verified

George Miller demonstrated that short-term memory capacity for digits was:

Correct Answer
verified

What was Gordon Bower's concern regarding reporting average learning curves for a large group of people?

Correct Answer
verified

Pavlov paired a bell with food until a dog learned to salivate in response to the bell. To produce extinction, Pavlov:

Correct Answer
verified

The view that all the ideas are the result of experience is called:

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the methods Hermann Ebbinghaus used for studying memory.

Correct Answer
verified
Grading criteria: Include desc...
View Answer

In a distributed representation, information is stored in the:

Correct Answer
verified

If experimenters play a very loud buzzer, a rat will be startled. If they repeatedly flash a light before the buzzer is played, the rat will eventually be startled by the light alone. This is an example of:

Correct Answer
verified

According to _____, attending a soccer game might activate a memory of having attended a hockey game the previous day because there would be an association between some of the components the two events have in common.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Grading criteria: Experimenter bias-if t...
View Answer

Exam 1: Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

After a pigeon learns to peck at a green light, the pigeon also pecks at a light that is a slightly different shade of green. This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gary attended a party and bumped into a friend he had not seen in years. Seeing the friend immediately triggered memories of things they had done together. Which idea about memory does this example demonstrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

That Ebbinghaus served as his own participant was problematic because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these scientists is responsible for the number of digits in a standard phone number without the area code?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In studying memory, Ebbinghaus was concerned that his data would be affected by the fact that he was more familiar with some words than others. He avoided this problem by using:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theorist was considered an empiricist?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If one is driven to the school by a friend each day, one will probably learn the route and be able to use it later on, even though there is no reward for using it. This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Connectionist models propose that learning and memory involve:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The law of effect predicts which statement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theorist was inspired by Edward Tolman to pursue the study of learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mathematical psychology was established by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

George Miller demonstrated that short-term memory capacity for digits was:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was Gordon Bower's concern regarding reporting average learning curves for a large group of people?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pavlov paired a bell with food until a dog learned to salivate in response to the bell. To produce extinction, Pavlov:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The view that all the ideas are the result of experience is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the methods Hermann Ebbinghaus used for studying memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedGrading criteria: Include desc...View AnswerShow Answer

In a distributed representation, information is stored in the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If experimenters play a very loud buzzer, a rat will be startled. If they repeatedly flash a light before the buzzer is played, the rat will eventually be startled by the light alone. This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to _____, attending a soccer game might activate a memory of having attended a hockey game the previous day because there would be an association between some of the components the two events have in common.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedGrading criteria: Experimenter bias-if t...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Grading criteria: Include desc...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Grading criteria: Experimenter bias-if t...
View Answer