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Exam 7: Basics of Experimentation

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Question 1

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One reason a valid experiment may produce null results is:

A) the range of levels in the independent variable was insufficient to show an effect.
B) the dependent variable reflects a broad range of performance.
C) that the experiment is conducted in an environment that is too artificial.
D) that reactivity occurs in the participants (e.g.,they adopt the role of the "good subject") .

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Question 2

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A floor effect occurs when:

A) the lowest possible score on the dependent variable is too high.
B) the highest possible score on the dependent variable is too high.
C) the lowest possible score on the dependent variable is too low.
D) the highest possible score on the dependent variable is too low.

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Question 3

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In an experiment,the effect of a variable is eliminated by making it a control variable.

In the tip-of-the-tongue experiments by Brennen and others,the independent variable was the percentage of times participants reported being in tip-of-the-tongue states.

The problem of reversibility refers to the difficulty of generalizing across different participant populations.

Of the following,which is the best option to reduce the impact of reactivity on the independent variable?

Evaluation apprehension seems to be the major cause of demand characteristics.

Most evidence from studies examining demand characteristics show that ____ is the most important source of reactivity.

Null results always result from an ineffective independent variable.

The Hawthorne effect is an example of:

A participant who responds honestly on each trial even if he/she knows the major hypothesis of the experiment could be described as a(n) "____" subject.

If you conducted a study on the effects of magnitude of food reward on maze learning in rats,you would probably make sure that your rats were food deprived several hours before each experimental session.You would do this:

The amount of reactivity in experiments can be directly measured by:

In the joint method of agreement and difference,if A occurs then so will X,and if A does not occur,then neither will X.

In the Hawthorne experiments on worker productivity,the experimenters carefully isolated one or two variables that influenced the workers' behavior.

If men always respond more rapidly to different colored lights than do women,we do not have an interaction between sex and color of light.

In the research on decompression of pregnant rats,the independent variable was ____ ,a dependent variable was ____ ,and a control variable was ____.

A participant in Asch's classic experiment on the discrimination of line length incorrectly responds that one line is longer than another just because he/she saw that several other people gave that same response.This individual could be described as a(n) "____" subject.

The experimental group receives a comparison level of the independent variable.

In order to have an experiment,there have to be at least two levels of the independent variable.