Question 1

In which renal component does urine production begin?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal cortex
B)  renal medulla
C)  minor calyx
D)  renal papilla
E)  renal pelvis

Question 2

By adjusting the volume of water lost in urine, and releasing erythropoietin and renin, the urinary system specifically functions in

Accepted Answer

A)  helping to stabilize blood pH.
B)  conserving valuable nutrients.
C)  regulating blood pressure.
D)  regulating plasma concentrations of ions.
E)  controlling the concentration of vitamins.

Question 3

Which of the following is aldosterone able to affect?

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium retention
B)  osmotic flow of water in the proximal convoluted tubule
C)  removal of wastes through the entire renal tubule
D)  pH regulation
E)  formation of plasma proteins

Question 4

Which is true regarding the general characteristics of normal urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacterial content is very high.
B)  Normal pH range is 2 to 4.5.
C)  Normal range of volume is 2500 - 3500 mL/day.
D)  Normal urine is typically 65% water content.
E)  The osmolarity of normal urine ranges from 855 - 1335 mOsm/L.

Question 5

The most abundant cation in the ECF is

Accepted Answer

A)  chloride.
B)  potassium.
C)  sodium.
D)  bicarbonate.
E)  calcium.

Question 6

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label I represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal papilla
B)  renal columns
C)  renal pyramid
D)  major calyx
E)  minor calyx

Question 7

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label Z represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum
B)  renal pelvis
C)  renal cortex
D)  renal medulla
E)  renal sinus

Question 8

Why does the peritubular fluid of the renal medulla contain an unusually high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cells of the juxtaglomerular complex secrete the hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin.
B)  The collecting system reabsorbs water and reabsorbs or secretes sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and bicarbonate ions.
C)  The cells of the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorb organic nutrients, plasma proteins, and ions from the tubular fluid.
D)  The ascending limb of the nephron loop actively transports sodium and chloride ions out of the tubular fluid.
E)  The filtration slits between the slender processes of the podocytes prevent the passage of blood cells and most plasma proteins.

Question 9

Considering the spatial relationship of the kidneys, the ________ kidney often sits slightly ________ than the ________ kidney.

Accepted Answer

A)  left; lower; right
B)  left; more anterior; right
C)  right; lower; left
D)  right; higher; left
E)  right; more posterior; left

Question 10

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label Y represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal papilla
B)  renal columns
C)  renal pyramids
D)  major calyx
E)  minor calyx

Question 11

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label O represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  nephron loop
B)  renal corpuscle
C)  proximal convoluted tubule
D)  distal convoluted tubule
E)  collecting duct

Question 12

The intracellular fluid (ICF) is found in

Accepted Answer

A)  the plasma.
B)  lymph.
C)  the cytosol.
D)  the interstitial spaces.
E)  the cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 13

Intracellular fluid contains an abundance of

Accepted Answer

A)  chloride and potassium.
B)  potassium and phosphate.
C)  sodium and phosphate.
D)  potassium and sulfate.
E)  magnesium and bicarbonate.

Question 14

The large, funnel-shaped chamber that connects to the ureter is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla.
B)  renal column.
C)  renal pelvis.
D)  nephron.
E)  calyx.

Question 15

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label L represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal papilla
B)  renal columns
C)  renal pyramid
D)  major calyx
E)  minor calyx

Question 16

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label W represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal papilla
B)  renal columns
C)  renal pyramid
D)  major calyx
E)  minor calyx

Question 17

Renal columns are

Accepted Answer

A)  internal cavities of the fibrous capsule located in the area of the hilus.
B)  the expanded ends of the ureters.
C)  the basic functional units of the kidney.
D)  bands of the renal cortex that extend toward the renal sinus.
E)  conical-shaped structures that are located in the renal medulla.

Question 18

The micturition reflex begins to function when

Accepted Answer

A)  the stretch receptors have provided adequate stimulation to the sympathetic motor neurons.
B)  the stretch receptors have provided maximum stimulation to the parasympathetic motor neurons.
C)  the stretch receptors have provided adequate stimulation to the parasympathetic motor neurons.
D)  the stretch receptors have provided maximum stimulation to the sympathetic motor neurons.
E)  the stretch receptors are initially distorted.

Question 19

The renal ________ is the site at which the renal artery and renal nerve enter and the renal vein exits.

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex
B)  medulla
C)  column
D)  hilum
E)  sinus

Question 20

Which organ system(s) is (are) particularly sensitive to pH changes?

Accepted Answer

A)  endocrine and digestive systems
B)  reproductive and endocrine systems
C)  lymphatic system
D)  endocrine system
E)  nervous and cardiovascular systems

Exam 18: The Urinary System

Which of the following is aldosterone able to affect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label L represents which of the following structures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which organ system(s) is (are) particularly sensitive to pH changes?

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Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label Z represents which of the following structures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most abundant cation in the ECF is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Intracellular fluid contains an abundance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which renal component does urine production begin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Considering the spatial relationship of the kidneys, the ________ kidney often sits slightly ________ than the ________ kidney.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label O represents which of the following structures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label Y represents which of the following structures?

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Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label I represents which of the following structures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The renal ________ is the site at which the renal artery and renal nerve enter and the renal vein exits.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Renal columns are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The micturition reflex begins to function when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The large, funnel-shaped chamber that connects to the ureter is called the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label W represents which of the following structures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does the peritubular fluid of the renal medulla contain an unusually high solute concentration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The intracellular fluid (ICF) is found in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is true regarding the general characteristics of normal urine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By adjusting the volume of water lost in urine, and releasing erythropoietin and renin, the urinary system specifically functions in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Considering the spatial relationship of the kidneys, the kidney often sits slightly than the kidney.

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