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Prior to collective bargaining for a new labor contract, both the management and the union members of a shoe factory decide that it is important that they discuss the issue of the employment of contingent workers in the organization. Both parties thereby include it as a negotiable point for the bargaining session that, if agreed upon, will be entered into the new contract. This point of negotiation falls under the category of _____.


A) permissive items
B) mandatory items
C) prohibited items
D) intellectual items

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Which of the following statements is true of the Taft-Hartley Act?


A) It prohibited employers from hiring nonunion members.
B) It repealed the right-to-work laws.
C) It established procedures and listed tactics that employees could use to conduct strikes.
D) It was established as a response to public outcries against the strikes following World War II.

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Which of the following acts outlawed closed-shop agreements?


A) The Taft-Hartley Act
B) The Wagner Act
C) The Landrum-Griffin Act
D) The Sherman Antitrust Act

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Which of the following statements is true of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) ?


A) It emerged from a dissenting faction of the Knights of Labor.
B) It merged with the Industrial Workers of the World in 1995.
C) It classified workers according to their crafts.
D) It organized the steel, mining, and meatpacking industries.

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Trace the early history of labor unions in the United States, and mention their significant contributions.

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Answers will vary. The earliest unions i...

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In the context of the parameters for collective bargaining, which of the following statements is true of mandatory items?


A) If either negotiating party expresses a desire to negotiate one or more mandatory items, then the other party must agree.
B) Mandatory items include the union having veto power over the promotion of certain managers to higher-level
Positions.
C) Almost anything is negotiable under mandatory items if both the negotiating parties agree to discuss it.
D) Mandatory items include a clause in the labor contract specifying that the employee union promises not to strike.

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Which of the following statements is true of a positive settlement zone?


A) It refers to an organization achieving the desired results in a negotiation without giving in to the employees' demands.
B) It refers to an overlap between an organization's and its union's demands and expectations in the bargaining zone.
C) It refers to a situation where both the management of an organization and its employees agree to have a third-party intervention.
D) It refers to a phase in the negotiation process that prohibits the use of mediation or arbitration in case of a disagreement.

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During labor negotiations, the management of a company reaches the point where it states that it will give a maximum of a 6-percent pay increase to all the employees of the company and not more. Despite threats of further agitation, the management sticks to its decision. In the given scenario, the management has reached its _____.


A) break-even point
B) resistance point
C) target point
D) arbitration point

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Which of the following is a condition that must be met for the decertification of a union?


A) The union must have served as the official bargaining agent for the employees for at least 3 years.
B) A closed-shop agreement must have existed between the union and the employer.
C) No labor contract must currently be in force.
D) The union must have at least hundred members.

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In the process of unionization, after union organizers get 30 percent of the eligible workers within the bargaining unit to sign authorization cards, they must:


A) generate interest in unionization among employees.
B) formulate a closed-shop agreement between management and the union.
C) elect the president and the shop steward of the proposed union.
D) petition the National Labor Relations Board to conduct an election.

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A company can minimize unionization by:


A) making the union president its official spokesperson.
B) creating formal grievance systems for all its workers.
C) petitioning the National Labor Relations Board to exempt it from the possibility of unionization.
D) not hiring women workers and workers from ethnic minorities who are more likely to join unions.

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If the union membership votes to reject the labor contract after an agreement has been reached between the union and management, then:


A) the parties must return to the bargaining table.
B) the party that can show reasonable cause has the final say.
C) the union loses its bargaining power.
D) the parties must directly seek government intervention.

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The union members of Clarence Corporation, a packaged food manufacturing firm, stage a protest as their demand for higher wages was not met by the management of the firm. During the protest, the union members frequently march to the entrance to the firm holding signs that explain the reason for the protest. They do this in an attempt to intimidate the management. This scenario most likely exemplifies _____.


A) picketing
B) featherbedding
C) a boycott
D) a slowdown

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The American Federation of Labor (AF of L) grew rapidly in the early 20th century because:


A) workers preferred the businesslike approach of the AF of L.
B) it focused on organizing employees by industry rather than by skills.
C) workers preferred the radical nature of the AF of L.
D) it focused on legislative and political activities.

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Traditionally, union members have been predominantly:


A) black males in blue-collar jobs.
B) white males in blue-collar jobs.
C) Asian women in white-collar jobs.
D) Hispanic women in white-collar jobs.

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The second step in the unionization process is:


A) getting 30 percent of the workers eligible to be represented by the union to sign authorization cards.
B) asking the National Labor Relations Board to conduct a secret ballot election.
C) asking the National Labor Relations Board to define the bargaining unit.
D) instituting grievance procedures for resolving disputes between management and the union.

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In the 1920s, Barc Corporation, a coal manufacturing company, refused to negotiate its wage policy with its employees. It also refused to bargain with the elected union members. In the given scenario, Barc Corporation violated the:


A) Wagner Act.
B) Sherman Antitrust Act.
C) Rowlatt Act.
D) Publicity Act.

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Which of the following reasons led to the merger of the American Federation of Labor (AF of L) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) ?


A) Their common focus on the legislative and political activities that affected workers
B) Their common strategy of organizing employees by industry rather than by skills
C) The common fight of the two groups against the radical nature of the Industrial Workers of the World
D) The series of strikes after World War II that led to public resentment and demands for union reform

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Which of the following is a reason for the steady decline in union membership in the United States?


A) A continued predominance of white males in blue-collar jobs
B) Bankruptcy declarations by many major corporations
C) Aggressive antiunionization strategies undertaken by businesses
D) The constant nature and composition of the U.S. workforce

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Identify a true statement about strikes.


A) Labor unions have large cash reserves in place before beginning a strike, in order to pay the striking workers.
B) Strikebreakers minimize the loss to a business that might otherwise occur during a labor strike.
C) Strikes can prove expensive to both an organization's management and the labor union.
D) An organization's strike losses are usually low because of stockpiled inventory.

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