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Diffusion of innovation is the macro process by which the acceptance of an innovation takes place among members of a social system over time.

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Consumers are frequently presented with incomplete information. Identify four strategies that consumers can adopt for coping with missing information.

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• Consumers may delay the decision until...

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Within the context of the model of consumer decision making, the ________ represents the internal influences that affect consumers' decision-making processes.


A) marketing mix
B) prepurchase search
C) decision
D) evaluation of alternatives
E) psychological field

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Marge and Steve treat themselves (a small family unit) to a Caribbean cruise for their 25th wedding anniversary. This is an example of ________.


A) interpersonal gifting
B) intercategory gifting
C) intergroup gifting
D) intrapersonal gifting
E) intragroup gifting

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Needs are created when the actual state of a customer declines.

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Within the context of the model of consumer decision making, ________ is likely to occur when a consumer is faced with a "problem."


A) marketing mix
B) prepurchase search
C) need recognition
D) evaluation of alternatives
E) psychological field

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A firm's marketing activities that attempt to reach, inform, and persuade consumers to buy and use its products are ________.


A) policy factors
B) output factors
C) process factors
D) marketing inputs
E) sociocultural inputs

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The ________ component of the consumer decision-making model draws on external influences as sources of information about a particular product that influence a consumer's product-related values, attitudes, and behavior.


A) marketing mix
B) output
C) decision
D) input
E) emotional

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All consumer decision-making situations require the same degree of information search.

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Differentiate between the types of gifting and provide an example of each.

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Intergroup gifting occurs whenever one g...

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Extensive problem solving, limited problem solving, and routinized response behavior are three specific levels of ________.


A) conjunctive decision rules
B) economic problem solving
C) affect referral rules
D) gifting behavior
E) consumer decision making

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Tom wants a candy bar and is trying to decide between a Crunch, a Snickers, or a Milky Way. These three candy bars are in Tom's ________.


A) inert set
B) inept set
C) emotional set
D) independent set
E) evoked set

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Which of the following is NOT one of the ways consumers cope with missing information during the decision-making process?


A) develop arguments for why the missing information is important
B) delay the decision until the missing information is obtained
C) ignore missing information and continue with current decision rule using available attribute information
D) change customarily used decision strategy to one that better accommodates missing information
E) infer the missing information

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A product's package, guarantees, mass-media advertising for the product, direct marketing for the product, and the selection of distribution channels to move the product from the manufacturer to the consumer are examples of ________.


A) policy factors
B) output factors
C) process factors
D) marketing inputs
E) sociocultural inputs

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The first stage in the consumer decision-making process is ________.


A) information search
B) evaluation of alternatives
C) need recognition
D) product choice
E) none of the above

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In cases of ________, consumers have experience with the product category and a well-established set of criteria with which to evaluate the brands they are considering.


A) extensive problem solving
B) economic problem solving
C) limited problem solving
D) passive problem solving
E) routinized response behavior

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________ are procedures used by consumers to reduce the burden of making complex decisions by providing guidelines or routines that make the process less taxing.


A) Evoked sets
B) Inert sets
C) Decision rules
D) Inept sets
E) Independent sets

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Maria needs a new pair of jeans. She knows that pants from American Eagle, in size 10, tend to fit her very well in the waist and hips and are long enough, so she goes to American Eagle and picks up a pair. Maria's is a case of ________.


A) extensive problem solving
B) economic problem solving
C) limited problem solving
D) passive problem solving
E) routinized response behavior

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Airplanes, radios, TVs, automobiles, fax machines, PCs, videocassette recorders, and the Internet are all examples of dynamically continuous innovations.

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Intrapersonal gifting is a state of mind where the giver and the receiver are the same individual.

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