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The Pacific Yew tree is a source of an anticancer drug called taxol.

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Most of the pulpwood for paper today comes from pines.

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Resin consists of turpentine and rosin.

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The first plants to produce seeds looked very much like


A) mosses.
B) horsetails.
C) pines.
D) quillworts.
E) ferns.

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Which of the following is an aril?


A) nutritive tissue surrounding the female gametophyte of conifers
B) an alternate name for a pine needle
C) a fleshy cuplike covering surrounding the ovule of a yew
D) a light, airy seed
E) All of these answers are correct.

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Which of the following is NOT associated with conifers?


A) hypodermis
B) resin canals
C) albuminous cells
D) vessel elements and fibers
E) soft wood

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Conifers (Division Coniferophyta) date back to the


A) Devonian period.
B) Permian period.
C) Triassic period.
D) Carboniferous period.
E) Silurian period.

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In the life cycle of a typical conifer (e.g., a pine)


A) pollen is produced in woody cones.
B) pollen is produced in inconspicuous flowers.
C) seeds are produced in woody cones.
D) the pollen tube grows down through the style to reach the archegonium.
E) there are two integuments surrounding the embryo sac.

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Eastern white pine and bald cypress trees provided so many useful products that their populations were drastically reduced before the end of 19th century.

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Which of the following groups of gymnosperms have vessels in their wood?


A) gnetophytes (Division Gnetophyta)
B) conifers (Division Coniferophyta)
C) Ginkgoes (Division Ginkgophyta)
D) Cycads (Division Cycadophyta)
E) All of these answers are correct.

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Conifer resins are a source of which of the following?


A) turpentine
B) dammar
C) rosin
D) amber
E) All of these answers are correct.

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The specific cells of pines that develop into pollen grains are


A) sperms.
B) megaspores.
C) nucellus cells.
D) microspores.
E) eggs.

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Living conifers (genus Pinus) are native to ________.


A) Australia
B) Southern Hemisphere
C) Northern Hemisphere
D) Central and South America
E) all continents except Antarctica

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Welwitschia plants have trunks like palm trees.

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Which statement about the nucellus is INCORRECT?


A) Nucellus tissue is found within the ovule of the gymnosperms.
B) The nucellus is covered by the integuments.
C) The nucellus plays a role in both male and female gametophytes.
D) The food stored in the nucellus is used by the developing megagametophyte.
E) The ovule, nucellus, and integument are diploid tissues.

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Western North America contains populations of the tallest, most massive, and oldest of the gymnosperms living. They are: ________.


A) California gum tree, elephant tree, and creosote
B) coastal redwood, giant redwood, and bristlecone pine
C) bald cypress, red pine, and jack pine
D) Zamia, red cedar, and dawn redwood
E) None of these.

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Which of the following is NOT a gnetophyte?


A) Ephedra
B) Podocarpus
C) Welwitschia
D) Gnetum
E) joint fir

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After fertilization the integument of gymnosperms becomes


A) a fruit.
B) an embryo.
C) a seed coat.
D) nutritive tissue.
E) an ovule.

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Edible or otherwise useful gymnosperms do not include


A) horsetails.
B) cycads.
C) Ephedra (joint fir) .
D) ginkgoes.
E) kauri pines.

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Male pine cones commonly take four years to mature.

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